Test 3

Question 1

Acute glomerulonephritis : S/S

Answer 1

1. hematuria
2. facial edema
3. fluid overload
4. SOB
5. proteinuria

Question 2

Acute glomerulonephritis : DX

Answer 2

1. GFR - glomerular filtration rate

2. ASO titer - strep bacteria blood testing

Question 3

Acute glomerulonephritis : TX

Answer 3

1. antibiotics
2. prevention of complications
3. dialysis

Question 4

Chronic glomerulonephritis : S/S

Answer 4

1. Hypertension
2. Fatigue
3. Occasional edema

Question 5

Chronic glomerulonephritis: DX

Answer 5

1. U/A (urinalysis)

2. decreased kidney function

Question 6

Chronic glomerulonephritis: TX

Answer 6

1. diet + drug therapy management of hyperphosphatemia/ kalemia
2. Amphogel - phosphate binder

Question 7

Acute pyelonephritis: S/S

Answer 7

1. flank/back pain
2. fever
3. N/V
4. burning
5. urgency
6. costovertebral tenderness

Question 8

Acute pyelonephritis: DX

Answer 8

U/A ( WBSs, C&S - culture and sensitivity)

Question 9

Acute pyelonephritis: TX

Answer 9

1. Antibiotics

2. Fluid intake

Question 10

Chronic pyelonephritis: S/S

Answer 10

1. Hypertension
2. Na excretion
3. Nocturia

Question 11

Chronic pyelonephritis: DX

Answer 11

same as acute + KUB ( scarring, atrophy)

Question 12

Chronic pyelonephritis: TX

Answer 12

1. nephrectomy

2. pyelolithotomy ( camera - pelvis)

Question 13

Urinary calculi - Urolithiasis

Answer 13

presence of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract

Question 14

Urinary calculi : Patient care

Answer 14

1. finish antibiotics ( prevent UTI)
2. depending on the type of stones you had - diet may be restricted
3. drink at least 3 L of fluid a day to dilute potentially stone-forming crystals;
4. monitor urine pH ( 3 times a day)

Question 15

Stress incontinence

Answer 15

most common type; loss of small amounts of urine during coughing, sneezing, jogging or lifting ; patients cannot tighten urethra sufficiently to overcome the increased detrusor pressure.

Question 16

Urge incontinenece

Answer 16

perception of an urgent need to urinate as a result of bladder contractions regardless of the volume of urine in the bladder; often leak large amounts of urine at this time.

Question 17

Mixed incontinence

Answer 17

combination of urge, stress and overflow incontinence

Question 18

Overflow incontinence

Answer 18

occurs when the detrusor muscle fails to contract and the bladder become overdistended ; some urine must leak out to prevent bladder rupture

Question 19

Functional incontinence

Answer 19

result of factor other than the abnormal function of the bladder and urethra ; E: loss of cognitive function in dementia patients.

Question 20

Amphojel

Answer 20

Aluminum hydroxide gel ; phosphate binder; lower serum phosphate levels by binding phosphorus present in food - high P cause hypocalcemia and osteodystrophy; take with meals, separate from Digoxin 2 hr; take stool softener, watch for hypophosphatemia : muscle weakness, slow or irregular pulse, confusion.

Question 21

Bactrim

Answer 21

sulfonamides; reduces bacteria in the urinary tract by direct killing and by inhibiting bacterial reproduction; sulfa allergies ?; full glass of water with each dose, 3L daily; keep out of the sun; complete drug regimen even if symptoms disappear.

Question 22

Cipro

Answer 22

quinolones ; reduce bacteria in the urinary tract by direct killing and inhibiting bacterial reproduction ; do not crush or chew; 2 hr within taking antacid; take pulse - cardiac dysrythmias; keep out of the sun ; complete regimen.

Question 23

Pyridium

Answer 23

bladder analgesic; reduces bladder pain and burning on urination; will not treat , just relieve symptoms; take with food - reduces GI disturbance; urine will turn red or orange.

Question 24

Procrit

Answer 24

epoetin alfa; synthetic erythropoietin ; prevents anemia by stimulating RBC growth and maturation in the bone marrow.; Report: chest pain, difficulty breathing , high BP, rapid weigh gain, seizures, skin rush, swelling of feet and ankles - Risk for MI; Monitor hemoglobin- increase in blood viscosity - race BP- increasing risk for MI