Test 3 Flashcards
of bones in spine(stem of aplomb)
33 bones. 3 curves. 24 movable.
plumb line
cord with a weight attached to its distal end so that when hung it will provide an absolute vertical line as a reference for measuring deviations
cervical
7 bones (breakfast); most mobile, bending of head and neck in all directions; has two transverse foramen, looks a little like an elephant
thoracic
12 (lunch) bones; least mobile. sideways bending. rotation and twisting at base, spiraling movements; ribs are attached here. this is area of spine where “popped ribs” is corrected; looks like a giraffe
lumbar
5 (dinner) bones; no rotation. hyperextension and arabesques; looks like bullwinkle, moose, cambre in upper part of this area
sacrum
5 fused bones form sacrum and 4 fused bones form tailbone; these bones are contained WITHIN with pelvis and cannot be moved independently. (Some texts refer to the spine as having 24 bones instead of 33 because of these fused bones)
coccyx
4 bones
intervertebral discs
spongy elastic cartilage-act as shock absorbers
iliopsoas
deep abdominal muscle which is flexor of hip and contributes to turn-out. weak psoas can overburden quads
Muscle of the loin, connects T-12 and lumbar vertebrae to legs
sternocleidomastoid muscle
the muscle responsible for turning head- important in port de bras. Supports the head. Balance= inner ear. if head is constantly off-center, balance is off
mastoid process
A protruding bony area in the lower part of the skull that is located behind the ear in humans and many other vertebrates and serves as a site of muscle attachment. The mastoid process contains small air-filled cavities called mastoid cells that communicate with the middle ear.
sternum
A long, flat bone located in the center of the chest, serving as a support for the collarbone and ribs. Also called breastbone.
clavicle
Either of two slender bones in humans that extend from the manubrium of the sternum to the acromion of the scapula. Also called collarbone.
origin
origin of a muscle is on fixed (stationary) bone
insertion
insertion is on the bone that is being moved
atlanto-occipital joint
YES nodding of the head
C1. cpndyloid joint
has transverse foramen
formed by occiput of skull with the atlas (head), head nods forward on this joint, occiput is back part of skull, back part of occipital is YES
atlanto-axial joint
NO nodding, movement of head joint of C1-C2 pivot joint has transverse foramen where atlas joint rotates on atlas
dens
is a protuberance (process or projection) of the axis (second cervical vertebra). It exhibits a slight constriction or neck, where it joins the main body of the vertebra. *projection of the C2
ruptured disc
herneated disc, different degrees, disc filled with gelatinous materials, when disc lose the material inside, when you lose pillow between bones
sciatica
pinched nerve can, it runs near sacroilliac joint, along hip and sacrum
transverse foramen
pierces the transverse processes of the seven cervical vertebrae. In the upper six vertebrae, the foramen gives passage to the vertebral artery, vertebral vein, and a plexus of sympathetic nerves. The seventh foramen lacks the artery, but contains the vein and sympathetic nerves.
anterior longitudinal ligament
attaches to the front of each vertebra. this ligament runs up and down the spine. very strong and very long. brakes against hyperextension of the spine.
posterior longitudinal ligament
runs up and down behind the spine and inside the spinal canal. limits hyperflexion (forward bending) of the spine
ligamentum flavum
very strong. takes up the slack for what the posterior longitudinal ligament cannot do.
rectus abdominis
controls tilt of pelvis flattening lower back, therefore making the errector spinae a more effective extensor of the spine and the hip flexors (particularly the iliopsoas) more effective in raising the legs. 3 seperate tendinous intersections are what gives the appearance of the “six pack”-seperate muscles- when there is really 1 muscle
external obliques O I A
O-border of lower 8 ribs
I-Anterior half of crest of ilium, crest of pubis, and linea alba (fascia of rectus abdominus
***A-Spinal flexion, lateral flexion to both sides and lateral rotation to both sides
internal obliques O I A
O-Thoracocolumbar fascia, 2/3 of iliac crest, Inguinal ligament
I- ribs 9-12, cartilages of ribs 7-9 and linea alba
***A- spinal flexion, lateral flexion to both sides and lateral rotation to both sides
transverse abdominis
Deepest muscle of abdominal wall. Fibers run horizontally. Compresses contents of abdomen -cinch belt of the waist
iliopsoas O I A
O- T12-L5
I-lesser trochanter of femur
A-main flexor of femur at hip joint, especially above 90 degrees. flexion of trunk at hip joint. maintains normal lumbar curve
greater trochanter
very large projection
lesser trochanter
a small rounded projection
bursae
fluid filled sacs, prevents friction or things rubbing together
iliacus
iliacus and psoas major are generally referred to as the iliopsoas muscle because of their common inserton and action. iliacus, however, is confirmed to the pelvis, while psoas travels up to T12
quadratus lumborum O I A nickname
O- posterior iliac crest
I- 12th rib and transverse processed of L 1-4
A- Raises hip. lateral flexion of trunk
nickname-hip hiker
erector spine group
located on each side of the vertebral column
divided into three vertical columns of muscle, iliocstalis, longissimus, and ilicostalis
aplomb-definition
dancer’s stance;oise, assurance, confidence’ perpendicularity
function of spine
support weight of head, the rib cage, and the shoulder girdle, while transverring this weight to the pelvis
what makes a spine stronger?
lengthening the spine and reducing the curves makes for a stronger spine, as it is in the transition areas where one curve flows into the next that the spine is most vulnerable to injury. All curves are interdependent- one affects the other.
sternocleidomastoid muscle O I A
O-sternum and clavicle; I- mastoid process; A-rotates head to opposite side
building blocks in spine
placement. “pull up” is a lengthening of the spine, an elongation of the body which raises the dancer’s center of gravity and contributes to mobility
gravity
resist to make body grow taller
think:
“move bones” not muscles. avoids excessive contraction of muscle groups
vertebral column
3 curves, sometimes the curve formed by the sacrum and coccyz are considered a fourth curve
craniovertebral joints
NO DISC between these two vertebrae (C1 and C2)
Vertebral Foramen
big hole all of the nerves go through, blood vessels
spinous process
what you feel up and down back, a projection, the bones protruding, back projection
transverse process
side to side, projection that stick out on sides. side projection
body
white area, bone
superior articular facet
where the process is flattened off, end of process, connects with bone above or below, can with rib cage
superior articular process
projection, bone, spinous process-similar
facet for rib articulation
where the transverse connects with the rib cage
nucleus pulposus
inner part of disc, nucleus filled with fluid
annulus fibrus
outer rim of disc, rough, fibrous shell
sacroilliac joint
where pelvis meets sacrum, butt bone
transverse abdominis A
O- thoracocolumbar fascia anterior 3/4 of iliac crest, inguinal ligament, ribs 7-12
I-linea alba and crest of pubis
***A- forced expiration by pulling abdominal wall inward (constriction of abdominal wall and contents), spinal stabilization
rectus abdominis O I A
- **O-Crest of pubis
- **I-Cartilage of ribs 5-7 (and xiphoid process)
- **A- spinal flexion
trapezius
emotional muscle
lordosis
swayack
accentuated lumbar curavture
can also occur in cervical area, head thrusts forward
hyperextension of knees, “s” curve of the body, lots of problems
try liftig up in the front of the body/pelvis
kyphosis
hunchback
dorsally exagerated thoracic curvature
scoliosis
“C” or “S” lateral curvature with or without roarotation
spondylolisthesis
1 vertebra slips anteriorly on another, forward
slipped disk
a painful rupture of the fibrocartilage of the disc between spinal vertebrae; occurs most often in the lumbar region
