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Anatomy > foot > Flashcards

foot Flashcards

1
Q

keystone

A

the central wedge of an arch that holds the other parts of the arch together. In the foot it is the cuboid bone.

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2
Q

talus

A

!

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3
Q

Calcaneus

A

a 2 joint muscle which both flexes knee and extends the ankle

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4
Q

Os Trigonum- Impingement Syndrome

A

!

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5
Q

Medial and Lateral malleoli

A

!

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6
Q

Internal lateral ligament

A

!

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7
Q

External lateral ligament

A

!

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8
Q

all of slide 83

A

!

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9
Q

Triceps surae

A

!

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10
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

crosses the knee joint and ends in the achilles tendon which inserts on calcaneus (a 2 joint muscle which both flexes knee and extends the ankle)

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11
Q

Soleus

A
  • partner to gastrocnemius

- action is confined to ankle joint. Soleus also ends in the achilles tendond, but its origin is below the knee joint

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12
Q

“Tom, Dick & Harry” muscles

A

three muscles deep to the calf plantar flex and also invert (sickle) the foot

  • one attaches to the navicular and cuneiform bones- Tibialis posterior, inverts foot
  • one attaches to the 4 outer toes- flexor Digitorum longus, most powerful flexor of toes 2-5, finishes the point of the foot, inverts foot
  • one works on the big toe- flexor Hallucis longus- important in propulsion phase of walking or jumping. Also important in balancing on releve. Helps to stabilize inside of ankle joint, inverts foot
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13
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

Dorsiflexes big toe and foot

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14
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

dorsiflexes toes 2-5 and foot
everts foot
extends lateral 4 toes to enable you to stand on a platform in releve

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15
Q

anterior tibialis

A

strongest dorsiflexor of the foot- lifts up the foot to clear the ground when walking or running and acts in eccentric contraction to prevent the foot from slapping the ground after the heel strikes (drop foor-also has neurological implication)
inverts foot-lifts arch when passing through 1st during rond de jambe en dehors

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16
Q

Peroneus longus and brevis

A

(also called fibularis longus and brevis)

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17
Q

Recognize 4 actions of the intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot

A

!

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18
Q

Inversion

A

sickle, supination

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19
Q

Eversion

A

Pronation

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20
Q

Supination

A

inversion

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21
Q

Pronation

A

pronation

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22
Q

Tibial torsion

A

when the distal end of the tibia faces medially or laterally while the dital end of the femur faces front

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23
Q

Claw toes

A

MTP joint

both IP joint are fixed in flexion

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24
Q

Hammertoes

A

MTP joint is fixed in hyperextension
Proximal IP joint is fixed in flexion
Distal IP joint is in hyperextension so that tip of toe is pressed downward on floor

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25
Q

anterior tibiofibular ligaments

A

(syndesmosis joint and high ankle sprain)

**

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26
Q

Anterior talofibular ligament

A

!

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27
Q

The foot does four main things

A

strength and support
propulsion- propels you forward
shock absorption
perception- where you are-percieves if something is there

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28
Q

Calcaneofibular ligament

A

!

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29
Q

Posterior talofibular ligament

A

!

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30
Q

Jones’ fracture (dancer’s fracture)

A

!

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31
Q

Stirrup Muscles

A

page 338 DAK
control sickling on relevé
tibialus anterior and tibialus posterior and the peroneus longus and brevis

32
Q

Plantar Fasciitis

A

!

33
Q

Sesamoiditis

A

lives in a tendon, floating, can be broken or irritated

  • this is an inflammation from over use and to much time on releve
  • doughnut spacers underneath sesamoid bone relieves pressure
34
Q

Morton’s neuroma

A

balled up work between metatarsals

caused by point work

35
Q

Shin Splints

A

!

36
Q

Pes planus

A

flat foot

37
Q

Pes Cavus

A

highly arched foot

38
Q

Pes Rectus

A

normal arch in foot

39
Q

Bunions

A

not on test
genetic
when big toe gets displaced off of normal pattern of growth, bad bunions need surgery (not till your through surgery)

40
Q

how many bones are in the foot?

A

26

41
Q

What muscles contribute to dorsiflex?

A

(drop foot)

Anterior tibialis, extensor hullcis, and extensor digitorum longus

42
Q

What muscles extend the ankle joint, raise the hea, and point the foot

A

(releve, plantar flexion)

known collectively as triceps surae

43
Q

How many muscles, tendons, and ligaments are in body

A

over 100

44
Q

What can happen if there is a structural problem or improper function in the foot

A

can result in problems elswhere in body

45
Q

the foot does four main things-list them out

A

!

46
Q

matching section

A

!

47
Q

number of bones in foot

A

26

48
Q

which arch is the one that is likely to fall in a flat foot?

A

!

49
Q

when you have a sprained ankle what else will be commonly strained?

A

-the paraneils (spelling)

theraband works those muscles

50
Q

**tarsal bones

A 
7
talus
navicular
cuboid
3 cuneiforms
calcaneus (heel)
51
Q

metatarsals

A

5 bones

52
Q

phalanges

A

14 bones

53
Q

different ligament

A

external ligament complex (4)

deltoid ligament

54
Q

interosteous membrane

A

membrane between tibia and fibula

55
Q

anteroseus membrane

A

on test

**

56
Q

what is the name of the condition tht happens when the bottom tissue on your foot gets tight

A

plantar flaciatus

57
Q

another name for ankle joint

A

subtaller joint

the talo crural

58
Q

what kind of joint is ankle joint

A

hinge joint

mortus and pestel joint

59
Q

what holds bones of foot in proper positions

A

the other bones

60
Q

what is desired degree of halut (big toe) when your on demi pointe

A

90 degrees

61
Q

TOM DICK AND HARRY MUSCLES

A

name then and tell what they do

62
Q

why do ankle (last question n quiz)

A

pronation-eversion

inversion-supination

63
Q

what do u call the bone protruding on inner ankle

A

medial maleolus into the tibia

64
Q

outside of ankle

A

end of fibula, lateral maleolus

65
Q

what does the term tarsal bones refer to?

A

the 7 bones of the ankle: calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, cuneiform

66
Q

what is the arch made of?

A

medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, trnsverse

67
Q

main muscles of the foot

A
  • anterior tibialis- lifts foot for walking, running
  • Posterior tibialis- supports arch
  • peroneals (fibularis)- controls movement on outside of ankle (eversion=winging)
  • extensors- assists ankle to raise toes for stepping forward
  • flexors- intrinsic muscles of the foot which stabilize the toes against the floor
68
Q

What are the toes and how many bones are in each?

A

Phalanges

-big toe has two bones, all the rest have three

69
Q

what is the talus?

A

it is the cornerstone of the foot.

-transmits weight of entire body. talus sits on calcaneus

70
Q

what is the hallux?

A

big toes

-has two sesamoid bones underneath shaped like kidney beans

71
Q

what are the connecting long bones?

A

metatarsals

72
Q

what is known as the keystone of the foot?

A

cuboid

73
Q

flat feet

A

fallen arches- navicular bone and talus can collapse and the metatarsals can sink. This has repercussions thoughout the body with regard to how thw eight of the body is transmitted to the foot

74
Q

what are the muscles that point the foot?

A

gastrocnemius- (polyarticular=crosses 2 joints-knee and ankle-because it ends in the achilles tendon which connects to the calcaneus) and soleus which lies underneath the gastrocnemius muscle and act solely on the ankle joint

75
Q

what limits the amount of demi plie?

A

achiles tendon

76
Q

Os trigonum

A

a small bone present in 5-15% of the population located just behind ankle joint. caused when one area of the talus does not fuse with the rest of thr talus during growth, can cause problems for ballet dancers who work on point. Can become enlarged and become pinched in the joint

77
Q

keystone

A

the central wedge of an arch that hold the other parts of arch together. in the foot it is the cuboid bone

Anatomy (6 decks)

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