Hip Joint Flashcards
Os Coxae
made up of ilium, pubis, and ischium
Os Innominatum
hip bone, os coxae; ilium, ischium, pubis, these 3 bones fuse together by age 16-17.
Ilium
?
Ischium
?
Ischial Tuberosity
?
Pubis
?
Pubic Symphysis
?
Pubic Crest
top arch of the hip bone
Iliac Crest
?
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
projection above the anterior superior
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
projection below the anterior superior
Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)
180 opposite of anterior superior, backside of the hip bone, find pubi bone (tiny projection protruding out, then you know its on the outside along the crest
Obturator Foramen
hole where the nerves and blood vessels go through
Acetabulum
hip socket
where ilium, ishium and pubis have fused
ball socket joint
Iliofemoral Ligament
Y shaped, ilio-ilium, femoral-femur, holds head of femor into head socket, very strong
*Six Deep Lateral Rotators
Memorize
Piece goods often go on quilts 1. Piriformie, passes under greater sciatic notch, and therefore has ability to impinge on sciatic nerve 2. Gemellus Superior 3. Obturator Internus 4. Gemellus Inferior 5. Obturator Externus 6. Quadratus Femoris superficial>deep
Head of femur
ball on top of femur bone
Neck of femur
neck around ball of femur
Shaft of femur
long part of bone
Greater trochanter
false pelvis
outer ring
nub/ protrusion next to head of femur
Lesser Trochanter
true pelvis
small ring
protrusion under greater trachanter
Iliopsoas
most important for hip flexion above 90 degrees, especially front and side
hip flexor, lifts the leg
Iliopsoas tendinitis
iliopsoas syndrom, bursitis
if it is tight and short, it will snap over the bones and causes inflammation, when you get that popping and irritation. Should use ice and rest.
Sartorius
longest muscle in body
O-ASIS, anterior superior iliac spine
I-tibia
A-flexes, laterally rotates, abducts femur and flexes knee (polyarticular- articulates in more than one spot, crossing more than one joints)
Pectineus
medial muscle, short, flat muscle located just lateral to the adductor longus and partially covered by the rectus femoris and sartorius. Its proximal attachment is more anterior nd superior that the adductor longus or magnus, allowing it to act as a prime mover for both hip flexion and hip adduction through a large range
Gracilis
superficial, slender and long muscle that descends more vertically than the more oblique course of the other medial thigh muscles.
Adductor Magnus
(move toward the midline, large)
its name implies it is one of the largest muscles in the body, and both its proximal and distal attachments are extensive
Adductor Brevis
(move toward midline, short)
smaller, deeper muscle that is located above and behind the longus
Adductor Longus
(move toward midline, long)
the most superficial of these three muscles and runs downward from the pubis to the linea aspera along the middle portion of the shaft of the femur
Rectus Femoris
Quadricep
O- anterior inferior iliac spine
I-tibis, via patellar ligament
A- flexes hip joint and extends knee joint
Vastus Medialis
inside of the thigh Quadricep O- femur I-tibia, via patellar ligament A-extends knee joint
Vastus Intermedius
!
Vastus lateralis
!
Gluteus Maximus
largest, most superficial of the gluteal muscles
Gluteus Medius
largest of the lateral muscles and is most fundamental hip abductor
Gluteus Minimus
deepest of the three
assist with greater resistance or in specific positions of the joint
Iliotibial band (IT band)
a strong fascia of the lateral thigh that spans between the pelvis and lower leg
Tensor Fascia Latae
O- anterior outer crest of ilium; lateral aspect of ASIS
I-lateral tibia via iliotiial tract (a long tendon)
A- Abducts, flexes and medially rotates femur. plays an important role in keeping pelvis in a neutral position, and not laterally rotated or tilted.
***stabilizes the knee joint because it inserts on tibia. stabilizes the trunk on the leg by making the ilitibial tract taut.
Hamstring group
biceps femoris* why is it asterisked?
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
work horse, most important group
Biceps femoris
O-long head-ischial tuberosity
Origin of short head- middle of femur
I- head of fibula
A- flexes knee and extends thigh-ALSO laterally rotates lower leg when knee is flexed=control of turn out
-this muscle can be very tight at the insertion on the fibula. stretch by lying on back and using thera-band on flexed foot lifted to 90 degrees- try varying degrees of turn out during this stretch
knee flexion and knee external rotation
Semimembranosus
Hamstrings
O- ischial tuberosity
I- medial condyle of tibia
A- hip extension, hip internal rotation, knee flexion, knee internal rotation
Semitendinosus
Hamstrings O-ischial tuberosity I-medial condyle of tibia A-flex knee and extend thigh knee flexion and internal rotation
Femoral Retroversion
good turnout, femur is facing straight our or slightly out
Femoral Anteversion
this is bad turn out, when toes are slightly turned inward
Fofsa
flat area of inner hip bone. iliopsoas is by the fofsa
OOIA of 6 deep lateral rotators
O- anterior sacrum (inside of sacrum) (Piriformis only)
O-on the ischium (all but piriformis)
I- greater trochanter (all)
A- laterally rotates extended thingh (all)
hip picture on 49
http://remedialmassagewaterloo.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/piriformis.jpg?w=300&h=287
differences between male and female pelvis
Femail- broader and wider
male- narrower and deeper
true pelvis
lesser
false pelvis
greater
inguinal ligament
joins pubic bone to ilium, is a ligament because when your brn your pelvis is not fully fused
Ballet is differentiated from all other forms of dance by the use of?
turn out
turn out provide
stability, range of motion, elongation of muscles
*genetic constraints on turn out
MEMORIZE
- angle of femoral neck and angle at which head of femur is inserted into the socket
- orientation and depth of the socket itself
- elasticity of the iliofemoral (Y-shaped) ligament
- Flexibillity of muscles around the hip and thigh
How much rotation occurs in hips?
70% is in the hips, what they cant get in the hip they get in the knee down
How much takes place in lower leg and ankle
20%
how can dancers increase range of motion without injury
stretching the antagonist that would keep you from turn outand strengthening the agonist
What muscles activate turn out?
roles of:
Gluteals- actively engaged also engage deep rotators
Deep Outward rotators-
Sartorious-synergistic muscle that helps the quad maintain rotation
iliopsoas-if its short will pull tings inward, if long will allow the other muscles do the turning out
hamstrings-work in circular fashion, hamstring wrap around leg mentally and actively help turn out stay put
Square hips in tendu, arabesques, high leg extensions?
No, not possible
proximal is same as
origin
distal attachment is same as
insertion
extension in arabesque? involvement in lordosis?
if it is long and stretched out, then it will help with extension in arabesque, short it will not go as high and will pull the back into lordosis, shortening the back
placement of pelvis
abdominals and gluteals
Both needed for correct placement of pelvis
abdominals
holds pelvis vertically
gluteals
feeds into IT band
adductors
adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus-deepest gracilis pectineus
adductors
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
lateral muscles of the hip
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae
TFL Muscle
why is it important?
medial muscles of the hip
inner thigh muscles adductors -adductor longus -adductor brevis -adductor magnus -petineus -gracilis
study figure 4.13 and 4.14 on pg 176-177 in DAK
!!
Rectus Femoris
the kicking muscle
O-anterior inferior iliac spine (little below sartorius)
I-on the tibia, inserts with the quadriceps tendon, attaches on to the tibia bone
A-1. extends the knee
2. flexes the hip
Sartorius
the tailor's muscle O-anterior superior iliac spine (slightly above rectus femoris) I-inside of the tibia, medial side A-1. hip flexion 2. hip abduction 3. hip external rotation 4. knee flexion
anterior inferior spine
1
crest of pelvis
2
posterior iliac spine
3
acetabulum
4
pubic crest
6
ischium and or ischium tuberosity
7
greater sciatic notch
5
fossa
8
KNOW**
which muscles are abductor vs adductors
ligaments that surround or within the hip joint (163) (iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, and ischiofemoral ligament)
femoral retroversion vs femoral interversion
abductors
extend the leg
at what age do the bones become fused together?
16-17
