Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Anatomy Final > Flashcards

Anatomy Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between muscle tone and muscle balance?

A

tone is a nurigolical state and balance is between the opposing muscle groups?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is tibial torsion?

A

When the end of the tibia faces outward or inward and the end of the femur faces front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of joint is the knee?

A

modified hinge joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

is popping in the knee bad?

A

Not necessarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ___ unlocks the knee?

A

popitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Draw a first class lever and label the parts

A

a. First Class Lever
i. Resistance/Axis/Effor
ii. Example: scissors, teeter totter, head, penche
b. Second Class Lever
i. Axis/Resistance/Effort
ii. Example: nutcracker, relevé, wheel barrow
c. Third Class Lever
i. Resistance/Effort/Axis
ii. Example: shoveling dirt, tweezers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The vertebra of the ___ curve of the spine look like a giraffe

A

thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or False. Genu Anecurvatum is slightly flexed knees or knees that do not fully extend

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list three functions of the cartilage

A

shock absorption, reduces friction, and binds, supports, protects, insulates bones, and joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a muscle can contract ____% of its resting length and can stretch ____ times its resting length

A

50 %, 1 1/2,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three points of weight placement

A

big toe, little toe, and heel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the largest sesamoid bone in the body

A

patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what bone makes up the tibiofemoral joint

A

femur, tibia, fibula, and patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what seven bones make up the axial skeleton or the “weighty 80”?

A

head, neck, vertebrae, ribs, sacrum, sternum, and coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the four main actions of the foot

A

support and strength, shock absorption, propulsion, perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what two bones make up the shoulder girdle

A

scapulae and clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how many bones are in the body

A

206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

locate the rectus femoris and bicep femoris located on the top part of the leg

A

! **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

name the three cardinal planes and their type of movement

A

sagital-forward and backward
frontal- side to side
horizontal/transverse- grand rond de jamb en l’air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the labrum

A

white lining in the hip socket that acts like a suction cup to the femur (also in the shoulder socket)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The body type that is long and thin, with more flexibility and less strength

A

ectomorph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

name the three basic curves of the spine

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the three types f muscle tissue

A

voluntary (skeletal), cardiac, smooth or involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

epithelial tissue is what

A

skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the 7 bones of the ankle

A 
calcaneus
talus
cuboid
navicular
1st, 2nd, and 3rd cuneiform
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the 4layers of the abdominal muscles

A

rectus abdominus
external obliques
internal obliques
transverse abdominus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the adductors of the medial muscles of the hip

A 
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
petineus
gracilis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what causes chronic joint pain?

A

weight not being transfred through the center of a joint as well as damage to cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the names of the two cranial vertebral joints?

A

Atlanto-occipital and antlantoaxial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is plastic deformation

A

when muscles have been stretched so much that they are deformed to be extremely flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

muscle loss due to inactivity is termed ____

A

muscle atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

the gelatinous substance found on the inside of a spinal disc is called ____

A

nucleus pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the origin of the sartorius

A

anterior superior Iliac spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

muscles can only ___, not push!

A

pull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the difference between kyphosis and lordosis?

A

kyphosis is “hunchback” and is in the thoracic section of the spine. Lordosis is “swayback: and is accentuated lumbar curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is annulus fibrosus

A

outer rim of a disk (tire)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How many bones are in the foot?

A

26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

the lateral malleolus attaches to the end of the_____

A

fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

the soleus lies beneath (deep to) the ___ muscle and acts solely on the ankle joint

A

gastrocnemius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Name four muscles in the Quadriceps group

A

rectus femoris
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Which muscle of the quadriceps group crosses the hip joint and therefore is a hip flexor and lifts the leg

A

rectus femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the only muscle of the back that connects the legs to the torso?

A

iliopsoas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Name the parts of a long bone.

A 
LOOK AT PHOTO***
Epiphysis-top and bottom nub-cap like ends
Diaphysis- shaft of bone
articular cartilage- cartilage that protects top and bottom nubs
Epipheseal plate near cartilage
Periosteum- thin membran covering bone
medullary cavity- inner cavity of bone
spongy bone- near top of nubs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the main function of ligaments

A

dense tissue that connects bones to other bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the main function of the tendons?

A

connect to bone to mucle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Where is the hyaline cartilage found?

A

on the ends of bones to decrease friction of joint surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the functions of cartilage?

A

shock absorption, reduce friction, & binds supports protects and insolates bones/joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What are diarthroses joints? Give an example.

A 
(have joint cavity and synovial fluid)
1-gliding/planes-scapulae
2-hinge-ankle
3-pivot-axel axis
4-ellipsoidal-where metacarpals meet phalanges
5-saddle-thumb twittling
6- ball and socket-hips and shoulder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Which one breaks down bone? Osteoblasts? Osteoclasts?

A

osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Why is bone constantly being broken down?

A

in order to keep it light

51
Q

What are the three cardinal planes of the body? Can you match them to description?

A

sagittal-down the middle (front)
frontal- coronal- front to back (moving side)
Horizontal/transverse- upper lower (pirouettes)

52
Q

What are actin and myosin?

A

actin- think filament

myosin- cross bridges to Actin (causing contraction)

53
Q

What is the contractile unit of muscle tissue?

A

sarcomere

54
Q

What is the connective tissue? Where is it found and what are the four main purposes of connective tissue?

A

most abundant. Elastin, collagen, adipose, cartilage, bone, blood

  1. hold body togetehr
  2. protects
  3. nourishes
  4. supports
55
Q

Be able to name what body part is superior or inferior to another, what body part is proximal or distal to another.

A 
***** 
Superior-Above
Inferior- Below
Proximal- Close
Distal- Away
56
Q

be able to define medial and lateral

A

medial- towards midline

lateral- away from midline

57
Q

flexion is when bones come together. T or F?

A

True

58
Q

can bones store fat?

A

yes

59
Q

is abduction when a body part is taken away from the main body or is it when a body part is added to the main body?

A

taken away

60
Q

what is the epiphyseal plate and approximately when does it close in females?

A

hyaline cartilage attach at the end of long bones, replaced by epiphyseal line in adults
Females—Age 15-16
Males—Age 18-20

61
Q

what does Wolf’s Law have to do with osteoporosis?

A

The greater the stress on the bone, the stronger it gets.
The less stress on the bone, the more prone to fracture it is.
The longer you’re active, the less chance your bones have of deteriorating.
Bones grow or remodel in response to the demands placed on them. with less stress bones become less calcified and prone to fracture

62
Q

What is a closed kinematic chain? What significance does it have for the knee?

A

joints are closed-fixed in place and cannot move supporting leg. Open kinematic chain is more prone to injury and closed is more stable

63
Q

Be able to match the three types of muscle contraction: concentric (shortening), isometric (holding static) and eccentric (some fibers shortening, some fibers elongating, resisting gravity)

A

Concentric- coming up from grand plié
isometric- static position
Eccentric- going down in grand plié

64
Q

why is imagery and visualization so important for dancers?

A

using imagery will allow the central nervous system to pick out the correct muscles to perform certain movement. “close your eyes and visualize”

65
Q

what is the definition of the stretch reflex?

A

a contraction response to the same muscle that is being stretched

66
Q

when stretching, which muscle group is called the agonist and which muscle group is called the antagonist?

A

the agonist is the one pulling and antagonist is the one being fulled

67
Q

what is the contractile unit of skeletal muscle?

A

myosin crossing the bridge

68
Q

what are the two protein elements that compromise the contractile unit of skeletal muscle

A

Myosin & Actin

69
Q

T or F. muscles pull toward their origin

A

true

70
Q

the left sternocleidomastoid muscle turns the head in what direction?

A

right

71
Q

how many main curves are there in the spinal column

A

3

72
Q

what are the names of the main curves of the spinal column

A

cervical- 7 (breakfast)
thoracic- 12 (lunch)
lumbar- 5 (dinner)

73
Q

what joint is responsible for the Yes nodding of the head? Atlanto-Occipital joint (C1) or Atlantoaxial joint (C2)

A

atlanto occipital joint…C1

74
Q

what happens to the annulous fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus in a herniated disc?

A

polposus pretruding out of fibrosus- jelly out of donut

75
Q

name the four layers of abdominal muscles?

A

rectus abdonminus
external obliques
internal obliques
transverse abdominus

76
Q

what does the iliopsoas do?

A

main flexor of femur at hip flexion of trunk at hip “magic muscle”

77
Q

what is the purpose of the bursae

A

cushion joints so that bones don’t wear down from rubbing against each other

78
Q

what does the errector spinae do?

A

holds the spine erect

79
Q

what is the anatomical name for a swayed back?

A

lordosis

80
Q

what is the spondylolisthesis?

A

one vertebra slips anteriorly to another

81
Q

name the three parts of the innominatum bone ( os coxae) (hip bone)

A

iloum
ishium
pubis

82
Q

what are the four genetic constraints on turnout? (slide 50)

A

a. Shape of the femoral neck and angle at which head of femur is inserted into the socket
b. Orientation and depth of the socket itself
c. Elasticity of the iliofemoral (y-shaped) ligament
d. Flexibility of muscles around the hip and thigh

83
Q

what profession is the longest muscle in the body named after?

A

tailer (sartorius)

84
Q

the tensor fasciae latae resides (lives) in what band of tissue

A

iliotibial band

85
Q

what is the locking mechanism of the knee called?

A

!closure rotation- the condiles of the femur aren’t the same size causing turn in

86
Q

name the four bones that comprise the knee joint

A

femur
patella
fibula
tibia

87
Q

what are the ligaments of the knee?

A 
collateral ligaments (medial and lateral)
crusciate ligaments (anterior and posterior)
88
Q

what are menisci and what is their purpose?

A

prevent side to side rocking and shifting of the femur, also absorbing shock

89
Q

name the muscles of the hamstring group?

A

a. Biceps femoris
b. Semitendinosus
c. Semimembranosus

90
Q

what is the purpose of a sesamoid bones in the body (slide 62)

A

increase the ability of the muscle within which it is located to produce effective force

91
Q

in what anatomical position, straight or bent, is the knee most vulnerable to injury? Why?

A

because the knee isn’t engaged

92
Q

T or F. an os trigonum is caused by part of the talus bone not fusing during growth.

A

true

93
Q

the dancer fracture, also known as _____ is a fracture of the _____ metatarsal.

A

jones fracture, 5th

94
Q

what is the permanent correction for popped ribs?

A

widening the back and elongating the spine

95
Q

what is the only bony connection of the shoulder girdle?

A

at the sternum

96
Q

what muscle is antagonistic to the rhomboids?

A

anterior serratus

97
Q

what is your emotional muscle

A

trapezius

98
Q

what do the shoulder rotator cuff muscles do

A

abducts shoulder joint, laterally rotates humerus, prevents shoulder dislocation

99
Q

where is the dancer’s sense of balance in the ear?

A

semi circular canals

100
Q

what holds muscle to bone?

A

tendons

101
Q

what are the main functions of the quad group and hamstring group?

A

quad- extend the knee and flex the hip

hamstring- extend the hip and flex the knee

102
Q

what is the most complex joint in the body

A

knee

103
Q

how may bones make up the vertebral column?

A

33 bones/24 moveable

104
Q

be able to trace the flow of blood through the body

A

in through superior vena cava (upper right part of heart) and inferior vena cava (lower right part)-through right atrium-right ventricle out of pulmonary artery

in pulmonary vein (mid left part)- left atrium- left ventricle- out of aorta

105
Q

which side of the heart is the largest and why is one side larger than the other

A

!the left because it pumps blood to the whole body

106
Q

what does proprioception mean?

A

ones sence of their body parts in relation to other things

107
Q

the recptors for equilibrium are located in what area of the inner ear? kreiger p 266

A

semicircular canals

108
Q

what part does the cerebellum play with regard to movement

A

smooth graceful movement

109
Q

describe in terms of inward rotation or outward rotation the mechanics of port de bras and the 3 rotations of the arms

A

humerus rotates inward, wrists rotates outward, hand rotates slightly inward

110
Q

humerous is rotated…

A

inward

111
Q

radius and ulna rotated…

A

outward

112
Q

hand is slightly rotated…

A

inward

113
Q

rhomboids

A

adducts and stabilizes the scapula

114
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

largest muscle in the body, moves the arms

115
Q

trapezius

A

your emotional muscle

116
Q

anterior serratus

A

abducts and rotates scapula

117
Q

levator scapulae

A

elevates shoulder blades

118
Q

bicep brachii

A

flexes elbow and supinates forearm

119
Q

trace the blood flow through the heart…

A
  1. oxygen-depleted blood enters right atrium
  2. passes through tricupsid valve (try-right)
  3. enters right ventricle
  4. pulmonary semi-lunar valve
  5. pulmanary arteries to lungs for oxygenation
  6. pulmanary veins
  7. re-enters heart through left atrium
  8. passes through bicupsid (mitral) valve (buy-left)
  9. enters left ventricle
  10. aortis smi-lunar valve
  11. aorta delivers freshly oxygenated blood to body
120
Q

choose the part of the ear that is responsible for a dancer’s balance

A

semi-circular canals (vestibular system)

121
Q

cell oxygenation occurs in the _____ bed

A

capillary

122
Q

T or F. veins carry blood to the heart

A

true

123
Q

cerebral cortex (cerebrum)

A

conscious motor action, memory, sensory reception, emotion, intelligence

124
Q

cerebellum

A

responsible for smooth, graceful coordinated movement

Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions