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Anatomy > knee > Flashcards

knee Flashcards

1
Q

femur

A

know the place

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2
Q

tibia

A

know the place

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3
Q

Fibula

A

know the place

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4
Q

Patella-function and action

A

knee rolls forward and slides to posterior
Patella-“little pan” largest sesamoid
-sesamoid bones increase ability of muscles- produce effective force
-patella slides with in femoral groove
–up during extension
–down in flexion
–1/8 in of cartilage
–keeps femur from sliding off tibia-flexion
–centralizes pull of quad group

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5
Q

Tibiofemoral joint

A

knee

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6
Q

knee names

A

tibial femoral and platella femoral joints

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7
Q

bony structure of knee joint

A

femur
tibia
fibula
platella

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8
Q

ligaments of knee joint

A

collateral-medial and lateral

cruciate ligament-learn these with regard to the tibial relationship to the femur- Anterior (ACL) and Posterior (PCL)

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9
Q

be able to draw knee joint and its ligament

A

!

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10
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament- Purposes

A

control forward and backward stability to the knee (240)

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11
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament- Purposes

A

control forward and backward stability to the knee

240

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12
Q

collateral ligament

A

control the lateral movement of the knee

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13
Q

medial collateral ligament

A

!

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14
Q

lateral collateral ligament

A

!

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15
Q

meniscus

A

help prevent side to side rocking and shifting of the femur. They also absorb shock in the knee joint. The menisci are attached only at the outside of the tibia and are torn frequently.
-slides with the femur backwards/forwards. Live on top of tibial plateau-attached semi-firmly (why they can be torn) Cup shape keeps the knee from rocking/moving side to side, helps femur stay in place.

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16
Q

tendon of the quadriceps

A

ends in patellar tendon at the tibial/tuberosity/ tibial tubercle

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17
Q

bursae of the knee

A

a lot of bursae in the knee
ball bearing within the joint
allow for joint to move smoothly and bones not rub on each other
filled with synovial fluid (slipper substance)

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18
Q

Suprapatellar

A

directly above patella, under quadriceps tendon

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19
Q

Prepatellar

A

lies on top of patellar, directly under skin. protects against direct blows to knee

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20
Q

Infrapatellar

A

lies beneath quadriceps tendon and helps to protect tibial tuberosity during kneeling
DEEP

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21
Q

Iliotibial Band ( IT Band or IT tract)

A

stabilizes the pelvis on the femur, stabilizes the femur on the tibia
use when your pirouetting, up on your leg on, promenading

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22
Q

tendon of the quadriceps ends in the patellar tendon at the…?

A

tibial tuberosity

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23
Q

closure rotation

A

The locking mechanism of the knee

femur rotates slightly inward

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24
Q

is any rotation possible within the knee joint

A

Yes, classified as modified hinge joint. slight 20% to 30%, not healthy, but most dancers compromise the joint to get the 180% turn out.

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25
Q

how does this affect the stability of the knee?

A

it makes it unstable, it increases the length of the medial colateral ligament

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26
Q

Lock the knees

A

anatomically- yes the knee must be locked and stable to do anything on the supporting leg

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27
Q

primary anterior muscles acting on knee

A 
during extension
extend the leg, straighten the knee
Quadricep group
1. rectus femoris
2. vastus medialis
3.vastus intermedius
4.vastus lateralis
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28
Q

popliteus

A

tiny muscle in knee
the key that unlocks the knee
when hit right it takes you down
small muscle running behind the knee

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29
Q

Primary posterior muscles acting on the knee

A 
during flexion
Hamstring group
bicep femoris
semimebranosus
semitendenosus
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30
Q

pes anserinus

A

Sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus
all 3 muscles attach to the medial tibia
this might be the mechanism that dancers use to help maintain extension and turnout with less quadriceps activation when the leg is raised to the front

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31
Q

pes anserinus bursitis

A

often un recognized by doctors

goose foot leg

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32
Q

knee flexion

A

during flexion the knee rolls backward on tibia, but also slides to the anterior in order to offset the rolling backwards

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33
Q

knee extension

A

the opposite action happens with knee extension

!!

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34
Q

Why not sit in plie

A

it is not good to have that much pressure on your knee

can engage muscles but never the relaxed muscles

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35
Q

patellofemoral Compression force

A

the force pressing the kneecap back against the femur

Is increased as the knee bends deeper from a demi-plie to a grand plie

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36
Q

What types of muscular contraction is/are being used in plies, descending and ascending

A

descending:eccentric contraction, some fibers elongating and some are retracting

ascending- concentric contraction
pushing the leg straight, shift in brain

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37
Q

knee flexion

A

hamstrings are primary muscles of knee flexion

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38
Q

knee extension

A

Quadriceps group, especialy the rectus femoris

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39
Q

What happens when the knee is unlocked and begins to plie?

A

gravity enters the equation
quads work eccentrically
plie from the back of the knee that starts the plie

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40
Q

external knee rotation

A

tensor flacia latae

table on 262

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41
Q

internal Rotation

A

external- bicep femoris ( hamstring) tensor fasciae latae

internal- semimembranosus, semitendinosus, popliteus (when the foot is not bearing weight-tendue) gracilis, sartorius

42
Q

function of patella

A

largest sesamoid bone in the body
-all sesamoid bones increase the ability of the muscle within which it is located to produce effective force
patella slides within the femoral groove

43
Q

Valgus Angulation

A

shafts of femur are not totally vertical but are slightly angled inwards
Genu Valgum-knock knees- extreme valgus angulation

44
Q

evaluate knee alignment relative to…

A

frontal, sagittal, transverse planes

45
Q

Genu Varum

A

bow-legged

46
Q

Genu Recurvatum

A

hyper extension

47
Q

Genu Antecurvatum

A

slightly flexed knees

are straight but look bent

48
Q

Tibial Torsion

A

tibia is slightly twisted and rotated inward, so that the child :toes in”

49
Q

patella slide UP during

A

extension

50
Q

patella slide DOWN during

A

flexion

51
Q

patella keeps femur from

A

sliding forward off of the tibia during flexion

52
Q

patella centralizes the pull of the

A

quad group

53
Q

which position disguises the knee deviations

A

in 5th

54
Q

know for test

A 
sketch knee joint
and associated ligaments
medial collateral
lateral collateral ligament
cruciate "crossed" ligament
55
Q

Bursae of the knee

A

Bursae are fluid filled sacs that protect the bones of the knee joint from rubbing upon one another. According to the mayo clinic- each of your knees has 11 bursae
244DAK
Suprapatellar- higher
Prepatellar-lower than supra, on knee cap
Infrapatellar- inside of knee cap

56
Q

Iliotibial Band IT BAND

A

stabilizes the femur on the tibia

stabilizes the pelvis on the femur

57
Q

Closure Rotation

A

femur rotates medialy with respects to the tibia when locking during extension

58
Q

Quadricep muscles- function and identity (sperate quiz) table???

A

!

59
Q

Popliteus Muscle

A

hamstring of the knee- small, short diagnol muscl lying beneath gastrocnemius-deepest muscle of the posterior knee. It is a weak flexor of the knee, however, it is vital in unlocking the joint from an extended position. its nickname is the key which unlocks the knee.

60
Q

Pes Anserinus- 3 muscles

A

sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
all three attach onto the medial tibia
also called goose foot
this might be the mechanism that dancers use to help maintain extension and turnout with less quadriceps activation when the leg is raised to the front

61
Q

Action of the meniscus during flexion and extension of the knee

A

moves posteriorly during flexion and anteriorly during extension

62
Q

Patellofemoral compression force

A

the force pressing the kneecap back against the femur. Is increased as the knee bends deeper form a demi-plie to a grand plie

63
Q

Hamstrings- function and identity

A

the hamstring group is the main flexor of the knee

64
Q

Muscular contraction in plie

A

Descending- Quadricep eccentric contraction and hamstring- concentric contraction
ascending-Quadriceps- concentric contraction

65
Q

Tibial torsion

A

when tibia is turned slightly medially- toes in

66
Q

Osgood Schlatter’s Disease

A

inflammation of tibial tuberosity ( where the patellar tendon attaches to tibia) -Caused by quadriceps pulling on patellar tendon which eventually attaches to tibia. Can pull away from the bone.not uncommon in active adolescents involved in sportsPatellar tenditnitis or jumpers knee

67
Q

Popping in the knee

A

joint is being reactivated after a period of rest. Synovial membrane is being awakened to secrete synovial fluid to lubricate joint. Normally, not painful. If painful see doctor.

68
Q

Know about torn cartilage

A

has to be repaired surgically because there is no blood flow

69
Q

Jumpers Knee

A

a condition resulting from overuse of the knee

70
Q

patellar tendon

A

a structure that attaches the quad group to the tibia (shin bone)

71
Q

patella (knee cap)

A

is a sesamoid (floating bone) incorporated into the patellar tendon. The patellar tendon os also referred to as thr patellar ligament; some anatomists believe that since this structure connects the patella to tibia it should be classified a a ligament. Ligaments connect bone to bone while tendons connect muscles to bone.

72
Q

tendinitis

A

simply the inflammation of a tendon. this can be due to numerous factors. some of the more common factors associated with this condition are:

  • a rapid increase in the frequency of training, repeated training on rigid surface, improper mechanics during training, genetic abdnormaliities of the knee joint, poor base strength of the quad muscles
  • Any or all of these factors can lead to development of patellar tendinitis, sudden increase in intensity of training, transition from one training method to another
73
Q

ACL prevents tibia

A

from sliding forward underneath femur

-from anterior medial condyle of tibia to posterior lateral condyle of femur

74
Q

PCL prevents tibia

A

from sliding backwards underneath feur- stronger than ACL

-from posterior lateral condyle of tibia to anterior medial condyle of femur

75
Q

ACL and PCL relax a little during

A

lateral rotation, thus making joint vulnerable to injury

76
Q

collateral ligaments bridge the

A

joint and prevent sideways movement in the knee joint when knee is straight. When knee is bent, collateral ligaments relax, thus making knee vulnerable to injury. Medial is thicker and stronger than lateral. Because they are taut during etension, they help the knee resists hyperextension.

77
Q

know that torn cartilage in the knee means

A

torn meniscus. Crescent shaped discs of cartilage which prevent the femur and the tibia from rubbing on each other- OR cartilage torn beneath the knee cap

78
Q

In which anatomical position, straight or bent, is the knee most vulnerable to inkury? Why?

A

Dependent on bracing of coll. and cru. ligaments which are slightly relaxed when knee is bent

79
Q

What is the principal bone of the lower leg?

A

Tibia- reinforced by fibula which is attachment point for some hamstring muscles

80
Q

Why does the ability for turnout in the knees increase slightly when in plie?

A

!

81
Q

Patella has how much carilage?

A

1/8th inch thick. Thickest in body because of the incredible amount of pressure applied by the quads when knee is flexed

82
Q

walking down stairs place how much pressure on patella?

A

600 lbs of pressure

83
Q

relaxation is only possible when

A

the knee is slightly flexed. When knee joint is completely extended, rotation is not possible and side to side shifting is not possible

84
Q

pes aserinus bursitis

A

often unrecognized by doctors

85
Q

knee is most vulnerable when…

A

bent, because all of the ligaments are relaxed that hold the joint together

86
Q

femur -incredible journey

A

meniscus prevents this from rocking on side to side

87
Q

meniscus-incredible journey

A

C shaped structure, white, flexible

88
Q

tibia-incredible journey

A

prevents rocking of the femur on this

89
Q

joint cavity-joint capsule-incredible journey

A

the space you are in the cavity is filled with synovial fluid

90
Q

synovial fluid-incredible journey

A

clear, viscous liquid

91
Q

lubricate-incredible journey

A

synovial fluid serves to lubricate the surfaces

92
Q

condiles-incredible journey

A

the ball of the femur, cite of attachment fro acl and pacl, prevent you from falling

93
Q

cruciate ligament, collateral ligament, IT Band-incredible journey

A

taut or pulled tight ligaments, means its extension

94
Q

patella-incredible journey

A

small, flat, roundish bone

95
Q

bursae-incredible journey

A

membrane, surrounds the patella, highest part of the patella, superior

96
Q

medial meniscus-incredible journey

A

between femur and tibia

97
Q

blood supply-incredible journey

A

cartilage rarely heals because it has non of this

98
Q

cruciate ligament-incredible journey

A

may be torn with medial collateral, medial meniscus

99
Q

knee-incredible journey

A

you predict that you your dancer will undergo surgery for repair of this

100
Q

medial collateral ligament-incredible journey

A

may have been torn with medial meniscus and cruciate ligament

Anatomy (6 decks)

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