Test Flashcards
Amino acids
Building blocks of protein
Active transport
Requires energy. Move molecules from low to high concentrations.
Antioxidants
Protect from free radicals
Carbohydrates
Organic compound used for immediate energy
Coenzymes
Molecule that helps enzymes
Complete proteins
Foods that contain all amino acids a person needs
Dehydration
A decrease below the body’s required water level
Diffusion
Movement of water from high to low concentrations
Endscytosis
Foods or water entering the cell
Equilibrium
Stable cell equal salt and water
Essential amino acids
Can’t be synthesized. Needed in body’s
Essential fatty acids
Fatty acids your body needs but can’t synthesize
Exocytosis
Solids or liquids leaving a cell
Facilitated diffusion
Transport of hydrophilic and charged molecules through the membrane
Fat
Organic compound that store energy
Fat functions
Stored energy insulates body and cushions muscles
Fat soluble vitamins
Won’t dissolve in water. Stored in oily gel caps.
Folic acid
Dark green veggies. Required for many enzymes
Free radicals
Highly reactive molecule that damages the body’s cells
Glycogen
Type of stored carbohydrate in animals
Hydrogenation
Changes liquid unsaturated fats into solids
Hypertonic
High salt low water. Cell shrinks
Hypotonic
Low salt high water. Cell swells
Isotonic
Equal salt and water. Normal cell
Macronutrients
Nutrients required in large amounts
Micronutrients
Vitamins and minerals in our diets
Minerals
Not made by body but needed for cell functions
Monosaccharides
Simple sugar
Osmosis
Movement of water from high to low concentrations
Passive transport
Diffusion of small hydrophobic molecules from high to low concentration
Phagecytosis
Food and solid
Pinocytosis
Water and liquid
Polysaccharides
Starch
Processed foods
Foods stripped of their nutritional value
Protein function
Rebuild muscle tissue
Proteins
Polymers of amino acids
Saturated
Only have single bonds between carbon atoms
Semipermeable
Choose what enters and exits a cell
Trans fats
Made by incomplete hydrogenation
Unsaturated fats
Carbon double bonds
Vitamin a
Eye pigment. Leafy green and yellow veggies.
Vitamin b6 and b12
Meats and dairy. Required for enzymes
Vitamin c
Fruits. Collegen synthesis
Vitamin d
Milk and egg yolk. Increase none growth.
Vitamin e
Dark green veggies. Required for enzymes
Vitamin k
Helps blood clot.
Vitamins
Organic substances needed for many cell functions but cannot be stored
Water soluble vitamins
Will dissolve in water. Pressed tablets.
Whole foods
Foods that have not lost their nutritional value