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Bio > Ch. 22: The Human Brain > Flashcards

Ch. 22: The Human Brain Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Process information about touch and is involved in self-awareness

A

Parietal lobe

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2
Q

Process voluntary muscle movements and is involved in planning and organizing future expressive behavior

A

Frontal lobe

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3
Q

Involved in processing auditory and olfactory information and is important in memory and emotion

A

Temporal lobe

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4
Q

Processes visual information for the eyes

A

Occipital lobe

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5
Q

The deeply wrinkled outer surface of the cerebrum

A

Cerebral cortex

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6
Q

The communication link between the hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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7
Q

Paired structures found deep within each cerebral hemisphere

A

Caudate nuclei

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8
Q

Structure that relays info between the spinal chord and the cerebrum

A

Thalamus

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9
Q

Controls sex drive pleasure pain thirst hunger blood pressure and body temp

A

Hypothalamus

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10
Q

Controls balance muscle movement and coordination

A

Cerebellum

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11
Q

Governs reflexes and spontaneous functions such as heartbeat respiration swallowing and coughing

A

Brain stem

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12
Q

Adjusts the sensitivity of your eyes to the sound

A

Midbrain

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13
Q

Functions and a bridge, allowing messages to travel between the brain and the spinal chord

A

Pons

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14
Q

Helps control heart rate and conveys info between the spinal cord and other parts of the brain

A

Medulla oblongata

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15
Q

Receive messages from the other neurons

A

Dendrites

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16
Q

Houses the nucleus

A

Cell bodys

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17
Q

Protective layers on axons

A

Myelin sheath

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18
Q

The cells that form the myelin sheath

A

Schwann cells

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19
Q

Nervous tissue composed of myelinated cells

A

White matter

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20
Q

Unmyelinated axons combined with dendrites and the cell bodies of other neurons

A

Gray matter

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21
Q

The difference in the charge across the membrane

A

Polarization

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22
Q

The decrease of charge difference

A

Depolarization

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23
Q

Occurs when the potassium ions diffuse out of the cell and the inside of the cell again become more negative than the outside

A

Repolarization

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24
Q

Reduced anxiety and sense of wellbeing loss of concern for social constraints

A

Alcohol

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25
Q

Make a person feel more energetic alter and confident

A

Amphetamines

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26
Q

Cause mental alertness and increased energy

A

Caffein

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27
Q

A rush of intense pleasure increased self confidence and increased physical vigor

A

Cocaine

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28
Q

Euphoria enhanced emotional and mental clarity increased energy heightened sensitivity to touch and enhanced sexual response

A

Ecstasy

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29
Q

Sensory perception and bizarre changes in thought and emotion and hallucinations

A

LSD

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30
Q

Altered sense of time enhances feeling of closeness to others increased sensitivity to stimuli

A

Marijuana

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31
Q

Increased alertness and awareness appetite suppression and relaxation

A

Nicotine

32
Q

A quick and intense feeling of pleasure followed by a sense of wellbeing and drowsiness

A

Opiates

33
Q

The whole upper part of the skull

A

Cerebrum

34
Q

Sends messages to other neurons

A

Axon

35
Q

Slows down the body

A

Parasympathetic

36
Q

Controls the body’s response to a perceived threat and speeds up the body

A

Sympathetic NS

37
Q

Controls visceral functions like breathing

A

Autonomic

38
Q

Associated with the voluntary control of body movements through the skeletal muscles

A

Somatic

39
Q

Carry information towards the CNS

A

Sensory neurons

40
Q

Receives and interprets the messages and decide how to respond

A

Nervous system

41
Q

Receiving and responding to stimuli required the actions of specialized cells called

A

Neurons

42
Q

The electrochemical message caring cells can be bundled together producing structures called

A

Nerves

43
Q

Parents from an extensive network throughout your body highly concentrated in your brain and spinal cord called

A

Central nervous system CNS

44
Q

Respond to nerve signals

A

Effectors

45
Q

Information carried along by electrical changes called

A

Nerve impulses

46
Q

Changes and ion concentration or by chemicals called

A

Neurotransmitters

47
Q

Sensory input is detected by

A

Sensory neurons

48
Q

Located between the sensory and motor neurons within the brain and spinal cord

A

Interneurons

49
Q

Temperature paint touch pressure and body position

A

General senses

50
Q

Smell taste equilibrium hearing and vision

A

Special senses

51
Q

The main nerve pathway

A

Spinal cord

52
Q

Protects her spinal cord from injury is made up of bones called

A

Vertebrae

53
Q

Automatic responses to stimulus

A

Reflexes

54
Q

Reflexes are prewired in a circuit of neurons called

A

Reflex arc

55
Q

Includes the network of nerves that radiates out from your brain and spinal cord

A

Peripheral nervous system PNS

56
Q

The brain is house inside where it sits in a liquid bath called

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

57
Q

The green is composed of other cells called

A

Glial cells

58
Q

Caused by the malfunctioning of neurons that produce dopamine

A

Parkinson’s disease

59
Q

If progressive mental deterioration in which there is a memory loss along with the loss of control of bodily functions that eventually result in death

A

Alzheimer’s disease

60
Q

Relays info processes info and analyzes info

A

Functions of the nervous system

61
Q

Specialized neurons cents joint position tension enjoyed the ligaments and muscle contractions these neurons relay messages to the brain along with balance information from the inner ear

A

Proprioception

62
Q

The pathway of nerve impulse flow to and from the brain

A

Spinal cord

63
Q

The unmyelinated patches

A

Nodes of ranvier

64
Q

Removes 3 Na out of the cell for every 2 K it brings into the cell

A

Sodium potassium pump

65
Q

The clear front surface of the eye that acts like a camera lens

A

Cornea

66
Q

Functions like the diaphragm of a camera controlling the amount of light reaching the back of the eye by automatically adjusting the size of the pupil

A

Iris

67
Q

Focuses light

A

Lens

68
Q

Each of the second pair of cranial nerves transmitting impulses to the brain from the retina at the back of the eye

A

Optic nerve

69
Q

A layer at the back of the eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light and the trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain

A

Retina

70
Q

It white outer layer of the eyeball

A

Sclera

71
Q

In the clear fluid filling the space in front of the eyeball between the lens and the cornea

A

Aqueous humor

72
Q

The narrow passageway from the outer ear to the eardrum

A

Auditory canal

73
Q

The spiral cavity of the inner ear containing the organ of Cordy which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations

A

Cochlea

74
Q

Ingersoll forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland

A

Motor neuron

75
Q

A membrane forming part of the organ of hearing

A

Tympanic membrane

Bio (16 decks)

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