Test 2 Text Book Chapter 10 Questions

Question 1

What are the major classes of cellular RNA?

Answer 1

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 2

What parts of DNA make up a transcription unit?

Answer 2

Promotor, coding region, terminator sequence

Question 3

How is the structure of RNA similar to that of DNA? How is it different?

Answer 3

• DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded
• DNA has the bases ATCG and RNA has the bases AUCG
• RNA has ribose and DNA has deoxyribose

Question 4

What is the substrate for RNA synthesis? How is this substrate modified and joined together to produce an RNA molecule?

Answer 4

-Substrate: uracil, adenosine, guanine, and cytosine
- RNA pol uses DNA as a template strand to synthesize RNA by adding nucleotides to the 3’ OH end of the RNA

Question 5

What are the three basic stages of transcription?

Question 6

What is the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?

Question 7

What is the 5’ cap?

Question 8

What is the function of the spliceosome?

Question 9

What is alternative splicing? How does it lead to the production of multiple proteins from a single gene?

Question 10

Summarize the different types of processing that can take place in pre-mRNA.

Question 11

Briefly describe the structures of tRNAs.

Question 12

What is the origin of small interfering RNAs and microRNAs? What do these RNA molecules do in the cell?

Question 13

List at least five properties that DNA polymerases and RNA polymerases have in common. List at least three differences.

Question 14

Suppose that a mutation occurs in the middle of a large intron of a gene encoding a protein. What will the most likely effect of the mutation be on the amino acid sequence of that protein? Explain