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Microbiology > Test 2 Review > Flashcards

Test 2 Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is an example of what type of disease?

A

Prion disease

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2
Q

All of the following are part of a nucleotide except:
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base

A

Lipid

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3
Q

What is the difference between sugar in RNA and DNA?

A

The presence of a 2’OH group

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4
Q

What do B cells make up?

A

Proteins that are antibodies

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5
Q

The letters A,G,T or C represent which of the following?

A

a nitrogenous base

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6
Q

The presence of of Uracil is a big difference between what?

A

RNA and DNA

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7
Q

A phospholipid has how many fatty acids esterfied to the glycerol backbone?

A

2

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8
Q

When referring to 5’ to 3’, the 5’ represents what?

A

The 5’ carbon attached to a PO4 group

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9
Q

If you know the sequence of one strand of DNA, you automatically know the sequence of the other strand because of what?

A

Chargaff’s Rules

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10
Q

What is the covalent bond that holds together many carbohydrates?

A

Glycosidic bonds

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11
Q

Amino acids make up which biomolecule?

A

Proteins

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12
Q

What are the covalent linkages that hold proteins together?

A

Peptide bonds

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13
Q

What type of bond is that between a NH2 group of one molecule and the COOH group of another?

A

Peptide bond

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14
Q

What part of amino acids vary?

A

The R-group

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15
Q

What do we refer to when talking about a polypeptide?

A

The N terminus and the C terminus

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16
Q

Which level of protein structure is caused by the interaction of peptide linkages?

A

Secondary

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17
Q

which level of structure is caused by interchain disulfide bridges and multiple polypeptides?

A

Quartenary

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18
Q

Which level of structure is formed by the folding of the polypeptide chain due to R groups?

A

Tertiary

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19
Q

Which level of structure is referred to by the naming of amino acids from N-terminus to C-terminus?

A

Primary

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20
Q

Which level of protein structure refers to the presence of intrachain disulfide bridges?

A

Tertiary

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21
Q

What happens to a protein when it is treated with harsh conditions, such as boiling or treatment with a chemical such as formaldehyde?

A

The protein will be denatured

22
Q

What are the vaccines for diphtheria and tetanus composed of?

A

Bacterial toxins that are treated with formaldehyde

23
Q

What does it mean if a person has type A blood?

A

They have type A carbohydrates on their blood cells

24
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia produces a capsule that prevents what?

A

Phagocytosis

25
Q

why are prion proteins often termed as encephalopathies?

A

Because they cause the brain to look like Swiss cheese

26
Q

If you ingest prion proteins and develop amyloid plaques, what most likely happened?

A

The PrPsc converted PrPc into PrPsc by changing the conformation of the protein

27
Q

Which bacterial appendage is used for the transfer of DNA?

A

Pili

28
Q

If a bacterium has teichoic acids it is most likely what?

A

Gram-positive

29
Q

What do cholesterol,and fatty acids have in common?

A

They are both hydrophobic

30
Q

Membrane proteins are often involved in what?

A

The movement of charged, polar or large molecules across the membrane

31
Q

What type of bacteria have porins?

A

Gram negative

32
Q

CHOs often have ketones and/or aldehydes which are what?

A

A functional group containing a C=O group

33
Q

What type of biomolecule has an ester linkage?

A

lipid

34
Q

Where is LPS found?

A

the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria

35
Q

What are the covalent linkages that hold proteins together?

A

Peptide bonds

36
Q

The presence of Pili and flagella can be found through?

A

Motility assays

37
Q

What are toxoids?

A

Denatured proteins

38
Q

What is represented by the backbone/sides of the ladder in DNA?

A

The sugar-phosphates

39
Q

If the N-base of 1 strand of DNA is a C (cytosine) residue, then the N-base on the opposite strand is what?

A

Guanine

40
Q

What holds the 2 strands of nucleic acids together in DNA?

A

Hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases

41
Q

Almost all amino acids have which 2 functional groups?

A

a COOH and a NH2 group

42
Q

The fluid mosaic model describes what?

A

The structure and function of the cell/plasma membrane

43
Q

What does glycerol get esterfied to?

A

Fatty acids

44
Q

What does an unsaturated fatty acid have?

A

At least one double bond in the fatty acids of the lipids

45
Q

What is the reaction that allows nature to make biomolecule?

A

Dehydration synthesis

46
Q

What is a good example of a lipid with unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Oil

47
Q

Which carbon atoms in a nucleic acid are given higher priority in terms of numbering?

A

The carbons found in the nitrogenous bases

48
Q

What are the three categories that classify the R groups of amino acids?

A

Nonpolar, polar and uncharged, and polar and charged

49
Q

What is an example of a covalent interaction that can affect protein structure?

A

Disulfide bridge

50
Q

What does it mean when a bacteria is classified as having peritrichous flagella?

A

The bacteria have flagella all over their cell surface

Microbiology (7 decks)

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