Test 2 Review

Question 1

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is an example of what type of disease?

Answer 1

Prion disease

Question 2

All of the following are part of a nucleotide except:
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base

Answer 2

Lipid

Question 3

What is the difference between sugar in RNA and DNA?

Answer 3

The presence of a 2’OH group

Question 4

What do B cells make up?

Answer 4

Proteins that are antibodies

Question 5

The letters A,G,T or C represent which of the following?

Answer 5

a nitrogenous base

Question 6

The presence of of Uracil is a big difference between what?

Answer 6

RNA and DNA

Question 7

A phospholipid has how many fatty acids esterfied to the glycerol backbone?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

When referring to 5’ to 3’, the 5’ represents what?

Answer 8

The 5’ carbon attached to a PO4 group

Question 9

If you know the sequence of one strand of DNA, you automatically know the sequence of the other strand because of what?

Answer 9

Chargaff’s Rules

Question 10

What is the covalent bond that holds together many carbohydrates?

Answer 10

Glycosidic bonds

Question 11

Amino acids make up which biomolecule?

Answer 11

Proteins

Question 12

What are the covalent linkages that hold proteins together?

Answer 12

Peptide bonds

Question 13

What type of bond is that between a NH2 group of one molecule and the COOH group of another?

Answer 13

Peptide bond

Question 14

What part of amino acids vary?

Answer 14

The R-group

Question 15

What do we refer to when talking about a polypeptide?

Answer 15

The N terminus and the C terminus

Question 16

Which level of protein structure is caused by the interaction of peptide linkages?

Answer 16

Secondary

Question 17

which level of structure is caused by interchain disulfide bridges and multiple polypeptides?

Answer 17

Quartenary

Question 18

Which level of structure is formed by the folding of the polypeptide chain due to R groups?

Answer 18

Tertiary

Question 19

Which level of structure is referred to by the naming of amino acids from N-terminus to C-terminus?

Answer 19

Primary

Question 20

Which level of protein structure refers to the presence of intrachain disulfide bridges?

Answer 20

Tertiary

Question 21

What happens to a protein when it is treated with harsh conditions, such as boiling or treatment with a chemical such as formaldehyde?

Answer 21

The protein will be denatured

Question 22

What are the vaccines for diphtheria and tetanus composed of?

Answer 22

Bacterial toxins that are treated with formaldehyde

Question 23

What does it mean if a person has type A blood?

Answer 23

They have type A carbohydrates on their blood cells

Question 24

Streptococcus pneumonia produces a capsule that prevents what?

Answer 24

Phagocytosis

Question 25

why are prion proteins often termed as encephalopathies?

Answer 25

Because they cause the brain to look like Swiss cheese

Question 26

If you ingest prion proteins and develop amyloid plaques, what most likely happened?

Answer 26

The PrPsc converted PrPc into PrPsc by changing the conformation of the protein

Question 27

Which bacterial appendage is used for the transfer of DNA?

Answer 27

Pili

Question 28

If a bacterium has teichoic acids it is most likely what?

Answer 28

Gram-positive

Question 29

What do cholesterol,and fatty acids have in common?

Answer 29

They are both hydrophobic

Question 30

Membrane proteins are often involved in what?

Answer 30

The movement of charged, polar or large molecules across the membrane

Question 31

What type of bacteria have porins?

Answer 31

Gram negative

Question 32

CHOs often have ketones and/or aldehydes which are what?

Answer 32

A functional group containing a C=O group

Question 33

What type of biomolecule has an ester linkage?

Answer 33

lipid

Question 34

Where is LPS found?

Answer 34

the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria

Question 35

What are the covalent linkages that hold proteins together?

Answer 35

Peptide bonds

Question 36

The presence of Pili and flagella can be found through?

Answer 36

Motility assays

Question 37

What are toxoids?

Answer 37

Denatured proteins

Question 38

What is represented by the backbone/sides of the ladder in DNA?

Answer 38

The sugar-phosphates

Question 39

If the N-base of 1 strand of DNA is a C (cytosine) residue, then the N-base on the opposite strand is what?

Answer 39

Guanine

Question 40

What holds the 2 strands of nucleic acids together in DNA?

Answer 40

Hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases

Question 41

Almost all amino acids have which 2 functional groups?

Answer 41

a COOH and a NH2 group

Question 42

The fluid mosaic model describes what?

Answer 42

The structure and function of the cell/plasma membrane

Question 43

What does glycerol get esterfied to?

Answer 43

Fatty acids

Question 44

What does an unsaturated fatty acid have?

Answer 44

At least one double bond in the fatty acids of the lipids

Question 45

What is the reaction that allows nature to make biomolecule?

Answer 45

Dehydration synthesis

Question 46

What is a good example of a lipid with unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 46

Oil

Question 47

Which carbon atoms in a nucleic acid are given higher priority in terms of numbering?

Answer 47

The carbons found in the nitrogenous bases

Question 48

What are the three categories that classify the R groups of amino acids?

Answer 48

Nonpolar, polar and uncharged, and polar and charged

Question 49

What is an example of a covalent interaction that can affect protein structure?

Answer 49

Disulfide bridge

Question 50

What does it mean when a bacteria is classified as having peritrichous flagella?

Answer 50

The bacteria have flagella all over their cell surface