Test 2 - Pediatric Nutrition—Health Perspective Flashcards
Protein requirements
Late gestation and infancy is the time of highest protein accretion in human
life
protein - 15 g/kg/d
Preterm infants
protein - 6 g/kg/d
toddlers
protein - 4 g/kg/d
adolescents
Water soluble vitamins (B, C, folate) are ____ a problem in newborns and infants
rarely
T/F: Fat soluble vitamins may present significant problems because of relatively poor fat absorption by newborn infants
TRUE
prevent hemorrhagic disease of newborn; adequate thereafter due to synthesis by intestinal
bacteria
vitamin K
low amounts in breast milk
vit D
essential for normal structural collagen synthesis and retinal development
vit A
antioxidant that protects against peroxidation of lipid membranes
vit E
glucose and galactose (lactase)
lactose
glucose and fructose (sucrase)
sucrose
glucose and glucose (maltase)
maltose
necessary for breaking down starches, are not adequate until >4 months
amylase
protein digestion ->85% of ingested protein is absorbed in spite of functional immaturities
infancy
contains more niacin, vitamin C, and is richer in fat and sugar than cow’s milk
human milk
high fat content, immunoglobulins, lasts approximately 5-7 days
Colostrum
higher water content
Foremilk
after “let down”, contains higher fat and nutrients
Hindmilk
reduces the prevalence of childhood diseases and protects the infant from chronic disease and the mother from bone demineralization and cancer.
drinking human milk
promotes adequate growth, but not brain and immunologic development compared to human
milkCow’s milk (not formula) is contraindicated in the first year of life
infant formula
Growth rates are most rapid in the first ___ months of human life
6
Introduce solids at ___ months, one food at a time—avoid sugar and salt
6
BMI Below ___ is optimal
22
T/F: Children are the best judge of how much they eat, and parents are the best judge of what they
should eat
TRUE
murmur barely audible with stethoscope
low murmur that is low
medium intensity murmur without a thrill
I
II
III
medium intensity with a thrill, relatively loud and palpable
loudest murmur
murmur heard with stethoscope off the chest
IV
V
VI
T/F: Fracture is an osteoporotic site much as the spine, hip or wrist, confers a 4-5 fold risk of subsequent fracture.
TRUE
Antiosteoblastic effect, Antiestrogen effect and Inhibits production of non-
5
ovarian estrogen
smokers via osteoporosis
associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis—may be due to advanced glycosylation end products interfering with bone microarchitecture.
diabetes via osteoporosis
T/F: excessive thyroid hormone replacement increases bone turnover and accelerates osteoporosis
TRUE
Hip fractures sometimes occur after apparent non-traumatic stress if the femoral neck is severely ___
osteoporotic
Pill rolling, Bradykinesia, Mask-like facial expression, Depression and Micrographia
parkinson’s dz
measures a broad range of cognitive functions, including orientation, immediate and delayed recall, attention and visual spatial function
The 30 point mini mental state Exam (MMSE)
T/F: a score of 23 or less on the MMSE is consistent with dementia but educational level, age, depression and other conditions that affect cognitive function can alter performance on this test.
TRUE
