Pregnancy overview Flashcards
what hormones increase with pregnancy
Increasing levels of
Estradiol and
progesterone Placental hormones
(HCG)
Increasing levels of estrodial stimulates lactotrophs in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, resulting in increased \_\_\_\_\_ output, which readies the breast for lactation
prolactin
\_\_\_\_ resets the receptors for thirst and ADH release, leading to decreases in serum sodium concentration and possibly, polyuria.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
HCG
Fluctuations in free \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ levels and in TSH occur as a result of HCG stimulation on TSH receptors and estrogen effects on thyroxine- binding globulin
T3 and T4
\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ lower esophogeal tone, contributing to symptoms of reflux and heartburn
Progesterone and
estradiol
Increased levels of corticotrophin- releasing hormone (CRH) and ACTH trigger \_\_\_\_\_
labor
uterus becomes easily palpable beyond
12-14 weeks
by week ____ the uterus straightens
12
vagina becomes bluish due to increased vascularity
chadwick sign
palpable softening of the vaginal isthmus
hegars sign
thin, pink bands which appear as a result of tearing of the collagen in the dermis and stretching of the skin
straie gravidarum
by day seven the embryo resembles a microscopic ____ and implants into the lining of the uterus
rasberry
by the end of ___ weeks, a rudimentary heart tube begins to beat and circulate the blood
3
By the end of the ___ week, baby is the size of a green pea (or about 0.4
inches).
5th
At ____ weeks, baby is around an inch long or the size of a small olive.
7
Researchers estimate that by ___ weeks, one hundred thousand new nerve
cells are created every minute.
7
At ___ weeks, baby is around the size of a large olive at 1½ inches long and
½ ounce in weight.
8
weeks ____ The fetus is about the size of a peach
13-16
By ____ weeks, baby’s nostrils open.
24th
most babies will flip to the head-down
position by ___ weeks.
34
Though some women still
have occasional “green” days, especially in the
fourth month, most report that in their ____
trimester daylong nausea subsides and their
appetite for food – and sex – returns. Most mothers
also get much of their energy back this trimester.
middle (month 4)
This month Mommy reaches a milestone in her
pregnancy – believe it or not, she’s halfway
there!
month 5
The final trimester begins, and Mommy’s thoughts
turn toward giving birth
month 7
Mommy will spend most of her ___ month
“in labor.”
9th
total body weight gain by end of pregnancy
30lb Baby – 7½ pounds Enlargement of uterus – 2 pounds Placenta – 1½ pounds Amniotic fluid – 2 pounds Breast enlargement – 2 pounds Extra blood and fluid volume – 8 pounds Extra fat stores – 7 pounds
weight gain progression
4lb - first trimester
1lb pound per week after
T/F:hormonal changes are the cause of these
headaches, but it is likely that the tremendous emotional and
physical changes that accompany pregnancy also contribute to
headaches.
TRUE
Severe, persistent headaches (especially those accompanied by
blurred vision) during the third trimester may be a sign of
_____ and should be reported to the doctor.
high blood pressure
The same pregnancy hormones and increased blood volume
that cause increased vaginal discharge also cause the
mucous membranes in the nose to swell, secrete fluid,
and produce an annoying _____
post-nasal drip.
many women show a surge in
sexual desire. It is not uncommon for men, enjoying the new
erotic feelings of their mates; to feel that the sex they didn’t
get earlier was worth waiting for.
second trimester
T/F: hortly after eating, and sometimes even between meals, many
pregnant women belch and burp frequently and experience a
burning, irritating sensation just below their breastbone.
TRUE
_____ is a disorder that occurs only during
pregnancy and the postpartum period and affects
both the mother and the unborn baby.
Happens around 20 weeks
Preeclampsia
even women with rapid advancing dz report few symptoms
_____ follows preeclampsia, a serious
complication of pregnancy that includes high blood
pressure and excess and rapid weight gain.
Seizures (convulsions) in a pregnant
woman that are not related to a preexisting brain
condition.
Eclampsia
THE BABY’S BOTTOM COMES FIRST, AND HIS OR HER LEGS ARE FLEXED AT THE HIP AND EXTENDED AT THE KNEES
frank breech
THE BABY’S HIPS AND KNEES ARE FLEXED SO THAT THE BABY IS SITTING CROSSLEGGED, WITH FEET BESIDE THE BOTTOM.
complete breech
ONE OR BOTH FEET COME FIRST, WITH THE BOTTOM AT A HIGHER POSITION.
footlong breech
THE BABY IS IN A KNEELING POSITION, WITH ONE OR BOTH LEGS EXTENDED AT THE HIPS AND FLEXED AT THE KNEES – EXTREMELY RARE!
kneeling breech
assessing and correcting any
misalignments (subluxations) in the pelvic and low back
area. This helps to keep the ligaments and muscles, which
support the uterus, relaxed.
webster technique
The \_\_\_\_\_ extends from the lateral portion of the uterus, arising somewhat below and anterior to that of the origin of the oviducts.
round ligament
Each \_\_\_\_\_\_ extends from an attachment posteriorlaterally to the supravaginal portion of the cervix to encircle the rectum and thence insert into the fascia over the second and third sacral vertebrae.
uterosacral
ligament
For most women the latent phase is
the easiest part of labor; it’s also the longest.
early phase labor
usually occur every 3- 5
minutes and last 45-60 seconds. Women often describe
active labor contractions as waves starting at the top of
the uterus and going to the bottom, or from the back
radiating around to the front. This is also the phase of
labor when the membranes are most likely to rupture and
produce a gush of fluid as the water breaks.
active phase
moving from the first stage of labor –
stretching the pelvic passages open – into the second
stage, pushing baby out.
Transition is the most intense phase of the entire labor,
but the good news is it’s the shortest, usually lasting only
15 minutes to an hour and a half.
transition phase
Helping to push the baby out.
Contractions may now be less painful and are further apart, around
3-5 minutes from the beginning of one to the beginning of the next.
second stage of labor
baby’s head appears.
crowning
For days, sometimes weeks, after birth, the uterus continues
to discharge leftover blood and tissue, called
lochia
