Preconception and Pregnancy Flashcards
First prenatal visit is typically ____ or later,
however this period of time carries the greatest
risk to prenatal development
8 weeks
40-50% of all pregnancies are _____
unintended
Typical intake from fortified breads & grains is 100mcg
folic acid
Supplement with at least 800mcg folic acid for ____
before conception
3 months
T/F: Mothers with past hx of children with neural
tube defects should take 4mg during subsequent pregnancies
TRUE
▫ Low-birth-weight infant
▫ Preterm delivery
▫ Anemia
▫ 72% more likely for miscarriage in first trimester
women <120lbs
Low birth wt. and prematurity are more related to dietary
inadequacy at ______ than to wt. gain during pregnancy
conception
cravings for dirt, clay, starch
Pica
- eval for anemia and psych
may be deficient in amino acids, zinc,
calcium, iron, Vitamin D & B12
vegans
optimal serum levels of 25-hydroxy
50-100 ng/mL
vitamin D
limit to less than 3000IU per day
vitamin A
Shown to increase hemoglobin levels
Decreases maternal mortality
vitamin A
up to ______ of caffeine per day is safe
300mg
Higher amounts of _____ may be assoc with increased
rates of abortion and low birth weight
caffeine
1200mg is recommended (medically) HOWEVER
consider acid/base balance in diet and limited loss of _____ with a more alkaline diet
calcium
Fetus will rob maternal skeletal _____,
especially in the third trimester of pregnancy
calcium
Supplementation before the 25th week was
associated with lower incident of preterm labor
magensium
Supplement at least 25-30mg daily (50mg or more
if shown deficient on labs)
iron
Cardiac output increases about _____
1/3
red blood cell size increases about ______
1/3
needed for energy
production and hormone formation respectively
Increased Trigs & Cholesterol
important for fetal brain development
DHA
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) increases by____
15-25%
increase calories by ______ per day
300
Fetal brain needs a minimum of
___g carbs per day
33
135g/day recommended
weight gain during pregnancy: normal BMI
25-35 lbs
weight gain during pregnancy: twins
35-45 lbs
