Test 2 - infertility Flashcards
women with no history of pregnancy
Primary infertility
history of prior pregnancy
Secondary infertility
implies an intrinsic inability to achieve pregnancy
Sterility
the probability of achieving a live birth in 1 menstrual cycle
Fecundity
the likelihood of conception per month of exposure.
Fecundability
T/F: The cause or causes of infertility can involve one or both partners.
TRUE
Causes of male infertility
General health and lifestyle issues
Overexposure to certain environmental factors
Men older than 40 may be less fertile than younger men.
Causes of female infertility
Fallopian tube damage or blockage (Chlamydia is most frequent cause.)
Endometriosis, Ovulation disorders, Hyper-prolactemia, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), uterine fibroids,
pelvic adhesions, thyroid problems and some medications
Early menopause
Risk factors and infertility - age
After 30, a women’s facundability declines and Women over the age of 40 have a higher rate of
chromosomal abnormalities in eggs & Men over the age of 40 become less fertile.
Risk factors and infertility - others
Tobacco smoking
Alcohol and caffeine consumption
Over/Under weight
Exercise > 7 days/ week
Kubler-Ross stages of bereavement (7)
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance Resolution Recognition and understanding
Diagnosing infertility : evaluation of male factors
Post-ejaculatory urine sample
(If the semen analysis reveals abnormal or borderline parameters: Repeat the test in 2-3 months, since spermatogenesis takes approximately 74 days)
The male factor is diagnosed in ____% of infertile couples: the majority of the diagnosis involves
testicular pathology such as a varicocele
25-40%
If semen is abnormal:
Blood tests for _______ and _____ levels are usually taken first
testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Low levels of FSH, LH and testosterone indicate ______
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
