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studystudystudy > test 2 ; health psychology > Flashcards

test 2 ; health psychology Flashcards

1
Q

If you touch something hot with your hand, and you perceive the heat, which kinds of nerve cells sent the signal to your brain?

A

Afrrent Neurons

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2
Q

As a toddler, Colleen did not seem to be bothered when she fell or bumped herself and as a child, Colleen walked through a barbed-wire fence, badly cutting her leg, but did not notice any pain. Since then, she has had several serious injuries that she did not notice because she did not feel pain. What is this condition called?

A

Congenital insensitivity

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3
Q

Suppose that, while hammering nails, you accidentally smash your thumb. The pain you feel originates in your

A

Peripheral Nervous System : spinal cord -> brain

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4
Q

A man may feel arm pain and a woman may feel jaw or neck pain when having a heart attack. Patients often feel shoulder pain following a liver biopsy. Why do these examples of referred pain happen?

A

Intense stimulation can spread from pathways for organs to those for senses in the skin.

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5
Q

C. A. Strong (1895) was first to propose which of the following about pain?

A

Psychological and physiological factors had an equal importance in pain.

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6
Q

A stage of pain that is considered critical because it represents a turning point that can determine future pain is the stage of

A

prechronic pain

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7
Q

John J. Bonica (1990), a pioneer in pain research, proposed that acute pain could become

A

chronic when pain behaviors were reinforced

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8
Q

Among theories of pain, which of the following finds pain commensurate with tissue damage or injury rather than relative to both physiological and psychological influences?

A

Specificity theory

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9
Q

Gate Theory

A

pain perception is subjected to a number of modulations that influence the experience of pain

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10
Q

Gate control trigger

A

nerve impulses that descend from the brain and influence the gate mechanism

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11
Q

Gate Theory : Gate control Examples

A
  1. distractions or relaxation could cause the gate to close, causing a decrease in pain
  2. While boredom or anxiety could open the gate, causing more pain
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12
Q

Periaqueductal Gray

A

an area of the brain involved in modulation of pain ; the stimulation of this area causes pain relief in people - essential for survival

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13
Q

Afferent neurons

A

Sensory neurons of that rely on information from the sense organs TOWARDS the brain

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14
Q

Effrent Neurons

A

Sensory neurons of that rely on information from the sense organs AWAY to the brain

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15
Q

Which type of pain syndrome is the most common in human beings?

A

Headache pain

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16
Q

Which of the following is true about low back pain?

A

Most people do not have a definite reason why this pain is present

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17
Q

Which of the following is accurate regarding fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis?

A

Most common in Women

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18
Q

fibromyalgia

A

tender points throughout
the body ; not considered arthritis

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19
Q

osteoarthritis

A

Inflammation of the joints, which illness attacks mainly older populations

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20
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

an autoimmune disorder characterized by swelling and inflammation of the joints as well as destruction of cartilage, bone, and tendons

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21
Q

Patients with which type of cancer experience relatively less pain than the others?

A

lukemia cancer

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22
Q

Richa had root canal surgery last year, which removed the nerve from her affected tooth, yet she still feels sensations of tenderness in that tooth. What is most correct about this?

A

This is an example of phantom limb pain, which is not limited to just limbs.

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23
Q

Among self-report measures of pain, which aspect of pain do standardized psychological tests like the MMPI and the Symptom Checklist-90 assess that rating scales and questionnaires like the MPQ and MPI do not?

A

Falsifying a person’s pain

24
Q

Standardized psychological tests like the MMPI and the Symptom Checklist-90 assess that rating scales and questionnaires like the MPQ and MPI check for

A
  • intensity of a person’s pain
  • impacts from living with the pain
  • the qualities of a person’s pain
25
Q

With which patient group are behavioral observations most indicated for measuring pain, and why?

A

Patients with dementia, because they may not be able to describe the pain

26
Q

With patients who cannot give self-reports, what kinds of measurements do clinicians and researchers use more often as comparably valid and reliable?

A

Observations of pain behaviors

27
Q

For which of the following patients would opiate analgesics be most appropriate to manage pain?

AND one example that would not work

A
  • a person who is recovering from a surgery
  • someone with terminal cancer
  • NOT SOMEONE WITH LOWER BACK PAIN
28
Q

What are examples of non-narcotic analgesics is not an NSAID, but is an effective painkiller?

A

Acetaminophen

29
Q

What are examples of non-narcotic analgesics an NSAID and is an effective painkiller?

A
  • Aspirin
  • Naproxen sodium
  • Ibuprofen
30
Q

Sofia has suffered with chronic back pain for years. She is wondering if surgery might be a solution. To inform herself better, she reads about recent research findings, and concludes that surgery would be

A

Unreliable, chronic back pain has an unknown source and cause for individuals

31
Q

People who practice certain forms of yoga and meditation learn to observe their breathing, concentrate on the present rather than the past or future, and acknowledge their thoughts without judging them. These practices have the most in common with which type of behavioral therapy that is used for pain management?

A

Mindfulness

32
Q

Marcus grew up in a family where people commonly complained of one pain or another and, as a result, were pampered for a while. Now, as an adult, Marcus seems to complain of more aches and pains than do his friends and colleagues. What process might have led Marcus to be more likely to report pain?

A

social learning

33
Q

Research suggests that ethnic differences in the prevalence of chronic pain are generally

A

small and inconsistent

34
Q

The term that refers to the body’s maintenance of an appropriate level of actual changing circumstances is

A

homeostasis

35
Q

the process by which the body responds to stressors in order to regain homeostasis.

A

Allostasis

36
Q

___ enable the immune system to have a rapid response when the foreign invader reappears

A

Memory lymphocytes

37
Q

Phagocytes

A

eats bad bacteria and outside invaders

38
Q

Leukocytes

A

white blood cells that fight bad outside invaders

39
Q

antigens

A

First line of defense

40
Q

this system conveys sensory information from the body to the brain

A

Somatosensory system

41
Q

Nociception

A

the act of perceiving pain

42
Q

In the past year, Uddin has graduated from collage, changed jobs, and bought a car, these events can be classified as ? - events that rarely happen in someone’s life

A

Major life events

43
Q

Cataclysmic life events

A

natural disasters, pandemic, school shooting - events that impact a big population

44
Q

daily hassles

A

racism, traffic, social economic status, taking kids to daycare, going to school, cooking dinner, etc. - things that effect an individual in an average day

45
Q

among indirect contributions of stress to developing coronary artery diseases, the action of the immune system promotes inflammation and the action of stress hormones

A

promotes diseased arteries as plaque will build up due to inflammation and the stress hormones

46
Q

cytokine inhibitors

A

affect the growth of cells & regulates the body’s immune reaction to diseases

47
Q

What increases in individuals whom are depressed?

A

cytokine inhibitors

48
Q

what are chemicals that carry information between nerves called?

A

Neurotransmitters

49
Q

what is true about similarities and differences between traditional Chinese medicine and ayurvedic medicine?

A

only one of these incorporates acupuncture (chinesse medicine)

50
Q

Chinese medicine

A

Unblock t’chi in the body, balance of ying and yang

51
Q

ayurvedic medicine

A

Connecting, body, mind and spirit to the universe for good health

52
Q

problem focused coping

A

You get annoyed when the neighbor plays loud music, and you knock at their door and ask for them to not play music during the times you are home instead they can play when you work.

53
Q

emotion focused coping

A

You get annoyed when the neighbor plays loud music, and you instead change those feelings to feel enjoyment when you hear the music

54
Q

avoidance type coping

A

People who experience a trauma, such as losing a loved one, yet they avoid talking about such event and refuse going to the funeral

55
Q

meaning focused meaning coping

A

People who experience a trauma, such as losing a loved one, but can find positive aspects concerning their trauma, often experience better physiological adjustment

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