test 2 ; health psychology Flashcards
If you touch something hot with your hand, and you perceive the heat, which kinds of nerve cells sent the signal to your brain?
Afrrent Neurons
As a toddler, Colleen did not seem to be bothered when she fell or bumped herself and as a child, Colleen walked through a barbed-wire fence, badly cutting her leg, but did not notice any pain. Since then, she has had several serious injuries that she did not notice because she did not feel pain. What is this condition called?
Congenital insensitivity
Suppose that, while hammering nails, you accidentally smash your thumb. The pain you feel originates in your
Peripheral Nervous System : spinal cord -> brain
A man may feel arm pain and a woman may feel jaw or neck pain when having a heart attack. Patients often feel shoulder pain following a liver biopsy. Why do these examples of referred pain happen?
Intense stimulation can spread from pathways for organs to those for senses in the skin.
C. A. Strong (1895) was first to propose which of the following about pain?
Psychological and physiological factors had an equal importance in pain.
A stage of pain that is considered critical because it represents a turning point that can determine future pain is the stage of
prechronic pain
John J. Bonica (1990), a pioneer in pain research, proposed that acute pain could become
chronic when pain behaviors were reinforced
Among theories of pain, which of the following finds pain commensurate with tissue damage or injury rather than relative to both physiological and psychological influences?
Specificity theory
Gate Theory
pain perception is subjected to a number of modulations that influence the experience of pain
Gate control trigger
nerve impulses that descend from the brain and influence the gate mechanism
Gate Theory : Gate control Examples
- distractions or relaxation could cause the gate to close, causing a decrease in pain
- While boredom or anxiety could open the gate, causing more pain
Periaqueductal Gray
an area of the brain involved in modulation of pain ; the stimulation of this area causes pain relief in people - essential for survival
Afferent neurons
Sensory neurons of that rely on information from the sense organs TOWARDS the brain
Effrent Neurons
Sensory neurons of that rely on information from the sense organs AWAY to the brain
Which type of pain syndrome is the most common in human beings?
Headache pain
Which of the following is true about low back pain?
Most people do not have a definite reason why this pain is present
Which of the following is accurate regarding fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis?
Most common in Women
fibromyalgia
tender points throughout
the body ; not considered arthritis
osteoarthritis
Inflammation of the joints, which illness attacks mainly older populations
rheumatoid arthritis
an autoimmune disorder characterized by swelling and inflammation of the joints as well as destruction of cartilage, bone, and tendons
Patients with which type of cancer experience relatively less pain than the others?
lukemia cancer
Richa had root canal surgery last year, which removed the nerve from her affected tooth, yet she still feels sensations of tenderness in that tooth. What is most correct about this?
This is an example of phantom limb pain, which is not limited to just limbs.
Among self-report measures of pain, which aspect of pain do standardized psychological tests like the MMPI and the Symptom Checklist-90 assess that rating scales and questionnaires like the MPQ and MPI do not?
Falsifying a person’s pain
Standardized psychological tests like the MMPI and the Symptom Checklist-90 assess that rating scales and questionnaires like the MPQ and MPI check for
- intensity of a person’s pain
- impacts from living with the pain
- the qualities of a person’s pain
With which patient group are behavioral observations most indicated for measuring pain, and why?
Patients with dementia, because they may not be able to describe the pain
With patients who cannot give self-reports, what kinds of measurements do clinicians and researchers use more often as comparably valid and reliable?
Observations of pain behaviors
For which of the following patients would opiate analgesics be most appropriate to manage pain?
AND one example that would not work
- a person who is recovering from a surgery
- someone with terminal cancer
- NOT SOMEONE WITH LOWER BACK PAIN
What are examples of non-narcotic analgesics is not an NSAID, but is an effective painkiller?
Acetaminophen
What are examples of non-narcotic analgesics an NSAID and is an effective painkiller?
- Aspirin
- Naproxen sodium
- Ibuprofen
Sofia has suffered with chronic back pain for years. She is wondering if surgery might be a solution. To inform herself better, she reads about recent research findings, and concludes that surgery would be
Unreliable, chronic back pain has an unknown source and cause for individuals
People who practice certain forms of yoga and meditation learn to observe their breathing, concentrate on the present rather than the past or future, and acknowledge their thoughts without judging them. These practices have the most in common with which type of behavioral therapy that is used for pain management?
Mindfulness
Marcus grew up in a family where people commonly complained of one pain or another and, as a result, were pampered for a while. Now, as an adult, Marcus seems to complain of more aches and pains than do his friends and colleagues. What process might have led Marcus to be more likely to report pain?
social learning
Research suggests that ethnic differences in the prevalence of chronic pain are generally
small and inconsistent
The term that refers to the body’s maintenance of an appropriate level of actual changing circumstances is
homeostasis
the process by which the body responds to stressors in order to regain homeostasis.
Allostasis
___ enable the immune system to have a rapid response when the foreign invader reappears
Memory lymphocytes
Phagocytes
eats bad bacteria and outside invaders
Leukocytes
white blood cells that fight bad outside invaders
antigens
First line of defense
this system conveys sensory information from the body to the brain
Somatosensory system
Nociception
the act of perceiving pain
In the past year, Uddin has graduated from collage, changed jobs, and bought a car, these events can be classified as ? - events that rarely happen in someone’s life
Major life events
Cataclysmic life events
natural disasters, pandemic, school shooting - events that impact a big population
daily hassles
racism, traffic, social economic status, taking kids to daycare, going to school, cooking dinner, etc. - things that effect an individual in an average day
among indirect contributions of stress to developing coronary artery diseases, the action of the immune system promotes inflammation and the action of stress hormones
promotes diseased arteries as plaque will build up due to inflammation and the stress hormones
cytokine inhibitors
affect the growth of cells & regulates the body’s immune reaction to diseases
What increases in individuals whom are depressed?
cytokine inhibitors
what are chemicals that carry information between nerves called?
Neurotransmitters
what is true about similarities and differences between traditional Chinese medicine and ayurvedic medicine?
only one of these incorporates acupuncture (chinesse medicine)
Chinese medicine
Unblock t’chi in the body, balance of ying and yang
ayurvedic medicine
Connecting, body, mind and spirit to the universe for good health
problem focused coping
You get annoyed when the neighbor plays loud music, and you knock at their door and ask for them to not play music during the times you are home instead they can play when you work.
emotion focused coping
You get annoyed when the neighbor plays loud music, and you instead change those feelings to feel enjoyment when you hear the music
avoidance type coping
People who experience a trauma, such as losing a loved one, yet they avoid talking about such event and refuse going to the funeral
meaning focused meaning coping
People who experience a trauma, such as losing a loved one, but can find positive aspects concerning their trauma, often experience better physiological adjustment
