health psychology test 3

Question 1

Cigarette smoking in the United States reached it’s peaked when?

Answer 1

during the middle of the 1960’s

Question 2

Consuming alcohol in the United States reached it’s peaked when?

Answer 2

Peaked before the temperance movement around the early 1800s and decreased after the temperance movement steadily in 1840s

Question 3

the results of studies on experimental starvation and experimental overeating

Answer 3

are consistent with the concept of a set-point

Question 4

set-point

Answer 4

The set point theory states that a person’s body will adapt to their caloric intake and outtake in order to maintain the body’s desired natural weight and shape

Question 5

Which type of intervention is beneficial for increasing knowledge of the benefits of physical exercise but has not shown the same efficacy for getting individuals to adapt physical activities

Answer 5

informational interventions

Question 6

The helpful intervention to help people become more active?

Answer 6

social intervention

Question 7

The most common intervention would be?

Answer 7

Behavioral and sometimes social

Question 8

the reinforcement of smoking assumes that, for someone who becomes a smoker

Answer 8

The positive (reinforcement) consequences outweigh negative consequences

Question 9

Which of the following of a “direct” hazard” of alcohol consumption ?

Answer 9

Progressive liver damage from long-term heavy drinking

Question 10

An example of indirect hazard would be

Answer 10

the effects on coordination and cognitive functions

Question 11

What is part of the digestive system?

Answer 11

Stomach, teeth, esophagus, phyranx

Question 12

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 12

Digest food to absorb nutrients and break down food with gastric juices to be finally processed by the small intestine

Question 13

Brooke is bedridden after an auto accident, What exercise would help her maintain the strength in her arms with the minimum of movement ?

Answer 13

isometric

Question 14

Isometric

Answer 14

No equipment to contract and working on muscle strength staying still and not much joint movement “pressure” aka holding a towel for a period of time

Question 15

Isokinetic

Answer 15

Using equipment that involves controlled movement aka the Pilates machine

Question 16

isotonic

Answer 16

Actively moving joints aka push-ups

Question 17

The principal function of the respiratory system is to intake oxygen and eliminate

Answer 17

Carbon dioxide

Question 18

What part of the lungs is greatly affected by smoking?

Answer 18

your airways and the small air sacs (alveoli) found in your lungs leading to many cancers’

Question 19

Which of the following is the most common of the chronic lower respiratory diseases?

Answer 19

Emphysema

Question 20

Which of these is true about the neurological effects of nicotine from smoking tobacco?

Answer 20

. Nicotine reaches the brain faster than any other form

Question 21

American smoking rates declined in response to a number of initiatives. Among them, which of this came first?

Answer 21

b. The US Surgeon General’s report.

Question 22

What do you think is the most likely reason that people in the 65+ age group have the lowest rate of smoking cigarettes?

Answer 22

Many longtime smokers die of related causes before getting that old.

Question 23

People start and continue to smoke for various reasons. Which of the following is a reason they continue smoking rather than a reason they start?

Answer 23

Being addicted

Question 24

Which of these is correct regarding cancer and smoking in the United States prior to the COVID pandemic?

Answer 24

Cancer is the leading cause of smoking-related death and the second leading cause of death in the United States

Question 25

Which of the following has the highest death toll from passive smoking?

Answer 25

Heart disease

Question 26

Why was the original D.A.R.E. program not especially effective in preventing smoking?

Answer 26

Because it focused on providing information through lectures

Question 27

Rita tried repeatedly to quit smoking, but sooner or later she always had to have a cigarette, so she felt doomed to failure. Why might the approach of Marlatt and Gordon be helpful to Rita?

Answer 27

It teaches that they need not be discouraged by slips, which are not total relapses

Question 28

Jaime was determined to quit smoking on his own, but dismayed when he relapsed after only two days. What proportion of self-quitters relapse after two days?

Answer 28

2/3rds of self-quitters

Question 29

What do research studies find about the relationships among smoking, quitting, and gaining weight?

Answer 29

People gain weight when they continue to smoke and also when they quit smoking

Question 30

Colita is overweight, and she just quit smoking. She is glad she quit, but worried she will gain more weight. Some research does show that overweight quitters gain more weight than do individuals who are not overweight. Which additional findings are true and might be encouraging to her?

Answer 30

The benefits of her quitting smoking exceed the benefits of maintaining lower weight.

Question 31

Raising the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 in the United States resulted in a decline in adolescent drinking rates. What did the Monitoring the Future Project (2020) find about illegal drug use by the same age group?

Answer 31

Illegal drug use decreased parallel with the decrease in alcohol use.

Question 32

Which of the following variables has an opposite correlation with alcohol intake?

Answer 32

age

Question 33

In comparison to countries in which drinking alcohol is a common experience, which of the following is more common in countries that reserve alcohol use for special occasions?

Answer 33

Intoxication because tolerance is not being built

Question 34

When someone drinks, which enzyme turns the alcohol into aldehyde?

Answer 34

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 35

Alcohol metabolism causes increases of uric acid, which is related to

Answer 35

gout

Question 36

Tahoma, a middle-aged Navajo drank heavily for most of his adult life. He behaved aggressively toward his girlfriend and got into motor vehicle accidents. He was recently diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver. Which of the following is accurate regarding this description? indirect vs direct hazzard

Answer 36

His cirrhosis is a direct hazard of alcohol; his accident and behavior were both indirect hazards

Question 37

The health hazards of alcohol are most associated with

Answer 37

not a drinker and a heavy drinker

Question 38

Which of the following statements is most associated with the tension reduction model of drinking?

Answer 38

"My drinking brings me relief from the stress in my life and from the anxiety I feel over it."

Question 39

During the 1800s, views of alcoholism shifted from which earlier to which later view?

Answer 39

Free will to a medical problem

Question 40

Marta and Maria are identical twins; Bruce and Bart are fraternal twins. What does research about the genetic influences on problem drinking suggest about these pairs?

Answer 40

If there is problem drinking, Marta and Maria are more likely to be similar because they are identical

Question 41

Philo wakes up every morning thinking he needs a drink as soon as possible and starts his day with a shot of vodka. He repeats this periodically throughout the day to maintain his functioning level and avoid getting antsy and irritable. He has done this for so long that he can go to work, operate a forklift, and perform accounting calculations with high levels of alcohol in his system. He managed to quit for years, but once he drank again, he felt the need to continue drinking much faster. This describes which model of alcohol abuse?

Answer 41

The alcohol dependency syndrome

Question 42

Natural recovery and spontaneous remission are terms describing people who change their drinking in which way?

Answer 42

Without formal therapy but with help from others

Question 43

Which of these statements about Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) as a treatment for alcohol abuse is both true and documented by research?

Answer 43

The structure of AA is not likely to work equally well for members without sponsors

Question 44

Studies assessing psychotherapeutic techniques for treating alcohol abuse have found that which of these are more effective?

Answer 44

Cognitive-behavioral

Question 45

Which chemical treatment for alcohol abuse is used in aversion therapy?

Answer 45

Disulfiram

Question 46

Among neurotransmitters affected by drug actions, which of these is most strongly implicated in activating the brain's pleasure and reward circuits?

Answer 46

dopamine

Question 47

Thom regularly drinks multiple caffeine-containing energy drinks every day; Luz smokes cigarettes; Judy occasionally takes methamphetamine to help her study for exams; and Pietro occasionally smokes crack. What can accurately be said about these individuals?

Answer 47

they're all using stimulants

Question 48

During which phase of the cascade proposed by the brain disease model is the brain flooded with pleasure-producing effects?

Answer 48

Binge and intoxication

Question 49

In the human digestive process, where does the most nutrient absorption take place?

Answer 49

in the small intestine

Question 50

Which of the following are substances that are absorbed by the small intestine during digestion?

Answer 50

Protein, carbohydrates, fats, bile salts, water

Question 51

Bile salts are made by the

Answer 51

liver

Question 52

Which of the following two peptide hormones are both made by the hypothalamus and act to increase the appetite?

Answer 52

Agouti-related peptide and neuropeptide Y

Question 53

Among theoretical explanations for obesity, the positive incentive model shares consideration of which factors in common with the set-point model?

Answer 53

Levels of appetite-regulating hormones

Question 54

Obesity, as measured by a BMI of 25–40 or above, is associated with which of these?

Answer 54

Increased risk of both morbidity and mortality

Question 55

Metabolic syndrome, which includes hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and insulin resistance and raises risks for Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is associated with what kind(s) of excess body fat?

Answer 55

adominal

Question 56

For older adults, it is better to be

Answer 56

slightly overweight than thin

Question 57

Kate, who is obese, is researching weight loss methods. Which of the following does research find could be not only the safest, healthiest, and most balanced, but also the most effective for her?

Answer 57

Decreased portions, plus increased exercise

Question 58

Which of the following characteristics are commonly shared across the conditions of anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder?

Answer 58

Body dissatisfaction, preoccupation with weight and food, and binge eating behavior

Question 59

Three young adults meet in a treatment program. One is diagnosed with anorexia, one with bulimia, and one with binge eating. Based on research findings, what is most accurate about the success they may have with certain treatment methods?

Answer 59

CBT will help the bulimic more than the anorexic, and mindfulness can help the binge eater lose weight

Question 60

Patrick is a 30-year-old male who is markedly overweight, abuses alcohol, and has some symptoms that may indicate a personality disorder. Patrick has been diagnosed with an eating disorder. Based on this information and on research statistics, which eating disorder is he most likely to have?

Answer 60

binge eating disorder

Question 61

Athena is working on her explosive energy doing wind sprints. Her friend Letitia is working on her endurance doing long-distance running. Which statement accurately describes what each is doing?

Answer 61

Athena is engaging in anaerobic exercise and Letitia is engaging in aerobic exercise.

Question 62

Hilde presses her hands firmly against each other and against a wall to build up her arm strength. Ricardo lifts free weights and barbells to build his upper body strength. Which statement accurately describes what each is doing?

Answer 62

Hilde is engaging in isometric exercise and Ricardo is engaging in isotonic exercise.

Question 63

Richard Williams was a tennis player and coach who wrote a plan to train his two daughters to become tennis professionals. He began coaching them in their early childhoods. His daughters, Venus and Serena Williams, both became world-famous tennis champions. You could infer which of the following from this?

Answer 63

had both organic and dynamic fittness

Question 64

Which of the following is most accurate about exercise relative to body weight and shape?

Answer 64

Exercise helps weight loss most through raising one's resting metabolic rate.

Question 65

What is most accurate about past and current research into the impact of exercise on risk of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 65

Early studies focused only on men, but later research suggests women may benefit even more.

Question 66

Which statement about the impact of exercise is accurate?

Answer 66

Light to moderate exercise increases the quantity and quality of people's lives

Question 67

Regular physical activity can

Answer 67

prevent Type 2 diabetes and help manage Types 1 and 2

Question 68

Research finds that exercise is effective for reducing which of the following?

Answer 68

Mild or moderate depression and state anxiety

Question 69

Based on the findings of multiple researchers and studies, exercise exerts its influence on the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer through inhibiting the release of

Answer 69

proinflammatory cytokines

Question 70

Depending on your goals, what can you best assume about the quality of exercise you need to attain them relative to the American College of Sports Medicine's (ACSM) recommendations?

Answer 70

If you want to lose weight or to maintain a weight loss, you will need to exceed the recommendations for exercise intensity and duration.

Question 71

Based on the information given, which would you evaluate as more effective for increasing student physical activity not only in school, but also outside of school?

Answer 71

social support interventions

Question 72

disulfiram is used to treat alcohol abuse because

Answer 72

it produces an unpleasant effect when combined with alcohol

Question 73

Most common treatment for alcohol abuse is

Answer 73

AA treatment with sponsor

Question 74

how many individuals are overweight and obese in the adult population in the U.S?

Answer 74

70%

Question 75

Thought what decades have obesity and overweight has increased

Answer 75

In the last two decades 2000s-2010s-2020s

Question 76

How much can physical activity reduce risk of death?

Answer 76

33%

Question 77

Liver damage and Alcohol

Answer 77

cirrhosis

Question 78

Neurological damage and Alcohol

Answer 78

Korsakoff syndrome

Question 79

Cardiovascular system and Alcohol

Answer 79

heavy drinking related to heart disease and stroke

Question 80

Pregnancy and Alcohol

Answer 80

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome