health psychology test 3 Flashcards
Cigarette smoking in the United States reached it’s peaked when?
during the middle of the 1960’s
Consuming alcohol in the United States reached it’s peaked when?
Peaked before the temperance movement around the early 1800s and decreased after the temperance movement steadily in 1840s
the results of studies on experimental starvation and experimental overeating
are consistent with the concept of a set-point
set-point
The set point theory states that a person’s body will adapt to their caloric intake and outtake in order to maintain the body’s desired natural weight and shape
Which type of intervention is beneficial for increasing knowledge of the benefits of physical exercise but has not shown the same efficacy for getting individuals to adapt physical activities
informational interventions
The helpful intervention to help people become more active?
social intervention
The most common intervention would be?
Behavioral and sometimes social
the reinforcement of smoking assumes that, for someone who becomes a smoker
The positive (reinforcement) consequences outweigh negative consequences
Which of the following of a “direct” hazard” of alcohol consumption ?
Progressive liver damage from long-term heavy drinking
An example of indirect hazard would be
the effects on coordination and cognitive functions
What is part of the digestive system?
Stomach, teeth, esophagus, phyranx
What is the function of the stomach?
Digest food to absorb nutrients and break down food with gastric juices to be finally processed by the small intestine
Brooke is bedridden after an auto accident, What exercise would help her maintain the strength in her arms with the minimum of movement ?
isometric
Isometric
No equipment to contract and working on muscle strength staying still and not much joint movement “pressure” aka holding a towel for a period of time
Isokinetic
Using equipment that involves controlled movement aka the Pilates machine
isotonic
Actively moving joints aka push-ups
The principal function of the respiratory system is to intake oxygen and eliminate
Carbon dioxide
What part of the lungs is greatly affected by smoking?
your airways and the small air sacs (alveoli) found in your lungs leading to many cancers’
Which of the following is the most common of the chronic lower respiratory diseases?
Emphysema
Which of these is true about the neurological effects of nicotine from smoking tobacco?
. Nicotine reaches the brain faster than any other form
American smoking rates declined in response to a number of initiatives. Among them, which of this came first?
b. The US Surgeon General’s report.
What do you think is the most likely reason that people in the 65+ age group have the lowest rate of smoking cigarettes?
Many longtime smokers die of related causes before getting that old.
People start and continue to smoke for various reasons. Which of the following is a reason they continue smoking rather than a reason they start?
Being addicted
Which of these is correct regarding cancer and smoking in the United States prior to the COVID pandemic?
Cancer is the leading cause of smoking-related death and the second leading cause of death in the United States
Which of the following has the highest death toll from passive smoking?
Heart disease
Why was the original D.A.R.E. program not especially effective in preventing smoking?
Because it focused on providing information through lectures
Rita tried repeatedly to quit smoking, but sooner or later she always had to have a cigarette, so she felt doomed to failure. Why might the approach of Marlatt and Gordon be helpful to Rita?
It teaches that they need not be discouraged by slips, which are not total relapses
Jaime was determined to quit smoking on his own, but dismayed when he relapsed after only two days. What proportion of self-quitters relapse after two days?
2/3rds of self-quitters
What do research studies find about the relationships among smoking, quitting, and gaining weight?
People gain weight when they continue to smoke and also when they quit smoking
Colita is overweight, and she just quit smoking. She is glad she quit, but worried she will gain more weight. Some research does show that overweight quitters gain more weight than do individuals who are not overweight. Which additional findings are true and might be encouraging to her?
The benefits of her quitting smoking exceed the benefits of maintaining lower weight.
Raising the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 in the United States resulted in a decline in adolescent drinking rates. What did the Monitoring the Future Project (2020) find about illegal drug use by the same age group?
Illegal drug use decreased parallel with the decrease in alcohol use.
Which of the following variables has an opposite correlation with alcohol intake?
age