Test 2 Disorders

Question 1

ADHD

Answer 1

Cannot focus on what you need to, fails to finish, and avoid sustained efforts. accompanied with hyperactivity because you are overwhelmed with info. Impulsive, constant fidgety, can’t follow conversation if external stimuli. Less inhibitory circuits in brain

Disagreement between clinical (attention) and cognitive (impulse)
Is it an impulse control issue? Not issue of being defiant but physically cannot precent impulses.
Issue of orienting system

Hard to diagnose since it varies so much, convenient categorization for energetic kids.

Treatment- Ritalin a stimulant that increases inhibitors. Concern of overdiagnosis, weight loss, anxiety, slow growth, reduce amount of cues of offer only helpful cues (best for adults with diminishing symptoms)

Caused by encephalitis, genetics, food, lead concentration, diverse causes leads to a diverse set of mental tools involved

Lowest end of optimal arousal theory (why they need stimulants)

Question 2

Unilateral Neglect Syndrome

Answer 2

Damage to the parietal cortex (contralateral). Usually right side.
Causes the patient to ignore all inputs from one side of the body.
Eat food from one side of plate, wash 1/2 of face, can’t find objects
Line bisection, drawing and finding objects.

Can’t sense objects in one region unless object moves into bad side than person can still pay attention to it even if it’s in the “missing side”. Rotating barbells

Question 3

Orienting System Issues

Answer 3

Bilateral Parietal, Superior Colliculus, thalamus

Distracted by stimuli, doesn’t listen, won’t pay attention.

Question 4

Alert System Issue

Answer 4

frontal, posterior parietal, locus coeruleus.
Can’t keep attention, fails to finish, avoids sustained efforts.

Question 5

Central Executive Issue

Answer 5

Anterior Cingulate, lateral frontal, basal ganglia.
Blurt answers, interrupts, can’t wait.

Question 6

Executive Control Issue

Answer 6

Damage to prefrontal cortex can live regularly due to acting on habit or reacting to stimuli.

Sort decks into 2 piles, 1st color then later shapes. Patients cannot make that switch and they will continue to sort by color. Make preservation error and goal neglect.

Question 7

Articulatory loop for deaf

Answer 7

No inner ear but inner hand. They will disrupt their memory if they wiggle their fingers, and make hand-shape errors

Question 8

Infantile Amnesia

Answer 8

Once you become an adult we can’t remember infant. Now we store things in words, however we used to have an alternative. So we can’t remember it/ don’t know how to retrieve it.

Question 9

HM problem with memory process

Answer 9

Couldn’t encode episodic into explicit LTM, but still could retrieve.

Anterograde amnesia but severe where nothing new could form. But still had working memory.

Question 10

Kosakoff’s Syndrome

Answer 10

Profoundly amnestic-can’t recall events. Due to a vitamin B1 deficiency that accompanies alcohol abuse. People can still have implicit memories. Has old memories and has working memory.

Hear a melody earlier and then will say they prefer it a second time, show improvement on puzzle.

Question 11

Capagras Syndrome

Answer 11

Source memory with no familiarity.

Question 12

Alzheimer’s

Answer 12

brain atrophy everywhere

Question 13

Amnesia

Answer 13

Retrograde- can’t remember the past
Anterograde- Can’t make new memories

Many times it can be both

Question 14

Temporal lobe trauma

Answer 14

Lost memory of common words but can recall episodic memories

Question 15

Anterograde pin experiment

Answer 15

A psychologist went to an anterograde amnesia patient and shook their hand with a pin in his hand. The next day he went back and she wouldn’t shake his hand because “people hide pins in there” .

Still has intact implicit memories

Question 16

Hyperthymesia

Answer 16

Highly superior autobiographical recall. Remember every single detail (super memory) but can only remember episodic of own lives, no advantage to scholar.