test 2, crim ch 8 Flashcards
Retreativism
a way people adapt to society but they dont here. they retreat and dont accept. become deviant in response
strain theory
the societal goals people wish to achieve and the strain they recieve to illegitametly achieve those goals. relationship betweensocietal goals and crime.
maximization
The main question that preoccupied early criminology in North America was
For Merton, anomie is what
Conflict or disparity between the culturally prescribed goals and access to a legit way to achieve those goals. Lack of social cohesion society becomes more unequal
Merton lays out five “adaptations” or “modes of adjustment”
people use these to relate culturally defined goals with legitimate means. What are these 5
culture goals : legit means
Conformist Accept Accept
Innovator Accept Reject
Ritualist Reject Accept
Retreatist Reject Reject
Rebel Creates New Goals Through New Means
Strain Theory
Examines how social structures and inability to legitametly achieve goals leads to criminal behavior. Focuses on societal factors influencing crime.
Cultural norms
The shared expectations and rules of behavior that govern a society’s members.
Social Structures and Criminality
Framework for understanding crime patterns within social groups and institutions, examines how behavior is conditioned by social structures.
Social stratification
The division of society into different layers based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, power, and status.
Economic conditions
The state of the economy in terms of jobs, wages, production, and general well-being of individuals.
Social Disorganization Theory
Expands on concentric zones model, takes a broader look at community characteristics and criminality.
Social Ecology
Focuses on economic inequality and crime, examines how a particular environment’s organization affects criminality.
Socialized programs
Government initiatives that are funded and controlled by the state for the benefit of the entire population.
High crime rate
A measure of the number of crimes reported to the police per unit of population.
