TEST 2: consciousness

Question 1

Identify how circadian rhythm relates to sleep.

Answer 1

Daily biological cycles that are about 24 hours long

Question 2

Summarize the stages of sleep.

Answer 2

REM: most deep sleep, rapid eye movement, most vivid dreams
N1. Light sleep
N2. Transitional
N3&4. slow-wave sleep (sleep talk/walk)

Question 3

Recognize various sleep disorders and their symptoms.

Answer 3

Insomnia: chronic inability to sleep normally
Narcolepsy: irresistible compulsion to sleep during the daytime
Sleep Apnea: causes person to stop breathing while asleep

Question 4

Summarize the theories of why we dream.

Answer 4

Activation-Synthesis theory: the brainstem bombards higher brain centers with random neural activity, then the cerebral cortex interprets activity and creates a dream (biological)
Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory: dreams symbolize wish fulfillment (psychological)

Question 5

Define psychoactive drugs

Answer 5

Chemicals that affect mental processes and behavior by temporally changing conscious awareness

Question 6

Identify several depressants and stimulants and know their effects.

Answer 6

Depressants: alcohol, Xanax, barbiturates
Stimulants: nicotine, caffeine, amphetamines, cocaine, ,MDMA, crack

Question 7

Discuss some of the hallucinogens.

Answer 7

Marijuana, LSP/PCP
Causes the distortion or disorganization of a person’s capacity to recognize reality, think rationally, or communicate with others

Question 8

Explain how physiological and psychological dependence differ.

Answer 8

Psychological dependence is associated with numerous emotional and cognitive symptoms, whereas physical dependence is typically associated with the development of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms that are not primarily emotional or cognitive in nature