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biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Postmortem Brain Specimen

A

brain of a deceased person, can see 4 lobes of the brain

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2
Q

EEG

A

recording device measuring electrical activity at the level of the cerebral cortex.
wave patterns correspond to certain states of consciousness
NOT images

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3
Q

PET scan

A

patient is injected with radioactivity tagged glucose, the glucose is metabolized in the brain (fuel!)
shows brain FUNCTION, not structure

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4
Q

MRI

A

view of the brain split down the middle
uses magnetic fields and radio waves. provides a picture of STRUCTURE, not function

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5
Q

Functional MRI

A

shows BOTH structure and function, combining PET and MRI

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6
Q

CAT scan

A

cross-sectional images of the brain
using x-ray, shows STRUCTURE not function

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7
Q

HINDBRAIN: Medulla

A

-life support system
-body functions like Heart rate, blood pressure, blood circulation

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8
Q

HINDBRAIN: Pons

A

-“bridge” between higher and lower levels of the nervous system
-sends messages!

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9
Q

HINDBRAIN: Cerebellum

A

-controls muscle movement, coordination, and balance
-affected by alcohol !!

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10
Q

HINDBRAIN: Thalamus

A

-the relay center for sensory information
-related to sensory processing, everything other than smell

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11
Q

LIMBIC SYSTEM: Hypothalamus

A

-internal regulator for hunger, thirst, body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate.
-in charge of the pituitary gland! hormones

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12
Q

LIMBIC SYSTEM: Amygdala

A

-controls emotion, aggression, and fear

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13
Q

LIMBIC SYSTEM: Hippocampus

A

-learning and memory (the SAVE button for remembering things)

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14
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

control and information-processing center

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15
Q

Cerebral Cortex: Frontal Lobe

A

thinking, planning, and characteristics

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16
Q

Cerebral Cortex: Parietal Lobe

A

sense of TOUCH

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17
Q

Cerebral Cortex: Occipital Lobe

A

sense of sight, VISION

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18
Q

Cerebral Cortex: Temporal Lobe

A

hearing and language comprehension, SOUND

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19
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Think band of nerve fibers that connects left and right hemispheres of the brain

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20
Q

Split Brain patients

A

no corpus callosum, things that enter in left visual field cannot be processes in right side of brain. Example: sees an apple on the right side, cannot say out loud that it is an apple

21
Q

Left side of the brain

A

Language, speech, verbal memory

22
Q

Right side of the brain

A

visual memory, spacial abilities, music

23
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

language comprehension

24
Q

Broca’s Area

A

speech production

25
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain and spinal chord

26
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

27
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

28
Q

Sympathetic N.S.

A

FIGHT OR FLIGHT
-increased heart rate, blood flow to muscles, slows digestion

29
Q

Parasympathetic N.S.

A

REST AND DIGEST
-decreases respiration, activates digestive process, lowers heart rate

30
Q

Neurons- Action Potential

A

ELECTRICAL communication WITHIN neurons

31
Q

Neurons- Neurotransmitters

A

CHEMICAL communication BETWEEN neurons

32
Q

Dendrites

A

“fingers”
receive messages

33
Q

Axon

A

long rod, sends messages away from cell body

34
Q

Myelin Sheaths

A

green covers over rod, helps speed communication

35
Q

Axon terminals

A

“fingers” at the end of the neuron, transmits messages to other neurons

36
Q

Glial cells

A

GLUE, holds neurons together and helps maintain the structure of the N.S.

37
Q

Presynaptic neuron

A

electrical impulses travel town the neurons Axon until reaching a junction called a Synapse

38
Q

Post-Synaptic neuron

A

receives neurons from pre

39
Q

Synapse

A

the gap between neurons sending messages

40
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

chemical substances that carry signals across the synapse
-bind to the receptor site on post-synaptic neuron

41
Q

Action Potential

A

The ELECTRICAL charge that occurs WITHIN the neuron

42
Q

Sodium Ion

A

outside the cell, Na+

43
Q

Potassium ion

A

inside the cell, K+
(weird extra protein molecule is A-)

44
Q
  1. Resting Potential
A

when the charge in the cell is at -70 millivolts

45
Q
  1. Depolarization
A

charge in cell leaps from -70 to +40 mV, due to Na+, K+ channels open.

46
Q
  1. Repolarization
A

the return to the resting potential. K+ moves out

47
Q
  1. Hyperpolarization
A

call is temporarily below -70mV, cell is in refractory period (meaning it is taking a break, cannot be restimulated yet)

48
Q

All-or-None law

A

If any neuron reaches about -55mV, AP will fire. If it is not reached, AP will not fire (even if at -50Mv)

psychology (11 decks)

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