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Ab Psych 286 > Test 2 - Chapters 4-6 > Flashcards

Test 2 - Chapters 4-6 Flashcards

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1
Q

_________ is a physiological and emotional response to a real or perceived imminent threat to one’s well-being

A

Fear

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2
Q

_________ is a physiological and emotional response in anticipation of future threat (Hasn’t happened yet)

A

Anxiety

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3
Q

“Normal anxiety” vs. “Abnormal anxiety”

_________ Triggered by subjective (personal) ideas (sometimes), without evidence of objective threat.

A

Normal Anxiety

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4
Q

“Normal anxiety” vs. “Abnormal anxiety”

_________ Uncomfortable; with situational context.

A

Normal Anxiety

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5
Q

“Normal anxiety” vs. “Abnormal anxiety”

_________ Triggers adaptive responses.

A

Normal Anxiety

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6
Q

“Normal anxiety” vs. “Abnormal anxiety”

_________ Subsides as perceived uncertainty dissipates.

A

Normal Anxiety

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7
Q

“Normal anxiety” vs. “Abnormal anxiety”

_________ Triggered by subjective (personal) ideas, without evidence of objective threat.

A

Abnormal anxiety

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8
Q

“Normal anxiety” vs. “Abnormal anxiety”

_________ Uncomfortable; without situational context.

A

Abnormal anxiety

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9
Q

“Normal anxiety” vs. “Abnormal anxiety”

_________ Disproportionate and debilitating. (stop you in your tracks)

A

Abnormal anxiety

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10
Q

“Normal anxiety” vs. “Abnormal anxiety”

_________ Unrealistic or irrational by nature.
Persistent and impairing

A

Abnormal anxiety

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11
Q

_________ :

Group of disorders marked by excessive fear and anxiety

Free floating feelings of tension (not caused by anything in particular), apprehension, anxiety, worry and fear.

A

Anxiety Disorders

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12
Q

_________ :

Feelings may be persistent (constantly with you) or periodically experienced (often social situation or a phobia).

Not triggered by objective danger, but anxiety is severe and disruptive.

A

Anxiety Disorders

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13
Q

_________ an anxiety disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about numerous events and activities (no specific trigger).

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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14
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder:
an anxiety disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry, occurring more days than not for at least _________ , about numerous events and activities (no specific trigger).

A

6 months

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15
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder:
Within a 6 month time period, _________ or more symptoms are experienced, some of which have been present more days than not for the past 6 months

A

three

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16
Q

Symptoms of _________ :
irritability, sleep disturbance, muscle tension, being easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, feeling “keyed up”, etc.

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder:

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17
Q

_________ :
(Worried about most things most of the time)
(Does NOT generally avoid situations)

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder:

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18
Q

_________ :
an anxiety disorder characterized by persistent, irrational, and intense fear of an object or situation, often accompanied by avoidance of the triggering object or situation.

A

Phobias

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19
Q

_________ :

Fear is triggered by clearly discernible object or situation, containing no evidence of real or objective threat.

A

Phobias

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20
Q

Phobias:

Only experience when confronted with the _________

A

specific phobia

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21
Q

Symptoms of _________ :

palpitations, sweating, trembling, choking sensation, dizziness, nausea, hyper-ventilation, and increased tension

A

Phobias

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22
Q

_________ :

Intense, irrational fears triggered by specific objects or situations that are not objectively threatening

A

Specific Phobias

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23
Q

_________ :
an anxiety disorder characterized by intense bouts of fear and anxiety triggered by exposure to social or performance situations

A

Social Anxiety Disorder

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24
Q

_________ :
an anxiety disorder in which a person is afraid to be in public places or situations from which escape might be difficult (or embarrassing) or help unavailable if panic-like symptoms were to occur

A

Agoraphobia

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25
Q

_________ :

The fear is recognized as excessive or unreasonable

Avoidance patterns and anxiety are sufficient to disrupt daily routine

Anxiety is distressing; it impairs occupational and social functioning

A

Social Anxiety Disorder

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26
Q

_________ :

an anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks (not triggered by anything specific)

A

Panic Disorder

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27
Q

_________ : periods of intense fear and discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes, with four or more of the following symptoms

A

Panic attack

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28
Q

Symptoms of _________ : Sweating, pounding heart, trembling, shortness of breath, feelings of choking, chest pain, nausea or abdominal discomfort, dizziness, chills or heat sensations, fear of losing control, fear of dying, etc…

A

Panic Disorder

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29
Q

Panic Disorder:

an anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks (not triggered by _________ )

A

anything specific

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30
Q

_________ :Presence of recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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31
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder:
The obsessions and/or compulsions are time-consuming (more than _________ a day) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment

A

1 hour

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32
Q

_________ manifest in persistent and intrusive thoughts, impulses or images that invade a person’s consciousness

A

Obsessions

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33
Q

_________ manifest in repetitive or ritualistic behaviors or mental acts to prevent or reduce anxiety (e.g. hand washing, checking, counting)

A

Compulsions

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34
Q

_________ :

  • an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder marked by a failure to resist collecting or saving items
  • Attempts to discard cause distress
A

Hoarding disorder

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35
Q

_________ :
an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder marked by recurrent patterns of plucking hairs from scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, etc…

A

Trichotillomania (hair-pulling)

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36
Q

_________ :

  • an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder marked by recurrent patterns of picking at the skin, causing sores or wounds
  • Area of attack may include lips, fingers, arms, legs, etc…
A

Excoriation (skin-picking)

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37
Q

_________ :

  • an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder in which perceived and/or imagined defects or flaws are consuming
  • Concerns are exaggerated and creates significant distress
A

Body dysmorphic disorder

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38
Q

_________ :

Antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, biofeedback, and relaxation training.

A

Treatment

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39
Q

_________ :
unconscious, internal conflict
free-association and interpretation

A

Psychodynamic therapy

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40
Q

_________ :
recognize and replace behaviors.
Exposure and response prevention
Fear extinguished by repeated exposure.

A

Behavioral therapies

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41
Q

_________ :
modify thoughts by neutralizing, redirecting focus, or eliminating.
recognize and monitor disruptive thoughts and behaviors (accept and commit)

A

Cognitive therapies

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42
Q

Triggering _________ :

Job interviews
Wedding
Long-term problems, i.e. debt, poverty, conflict
Divorce

A

Stressors

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43
Q

Triggering _________ :

Graduation
Relocating
Funerals
Confronting challenges, school, relationships, etc.

A

Stressors

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44
Q

Triggering _________ :

Major assaults, e.g., rape
Anger rape
Sadistic rape
Power rape
Horrific accidents
A

Traumas

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45
Q

Triggering _________ :

Military combat; terrorism
Horrific abuse; torture
Physical
Sexual 
Emotional 	
Disquieting Attacks
A

Traumas

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46
Q

_________
a feeling of strain or pressure triggered by demands or stressors.
Associated fight-flight responses initiated when hypothalamus activates:
Autonomic nervous system
Endocrine system

A

Stress

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47
Q

_________ – positive pressures trigger associated reactions. (christmas, weddings, baby)

A

Eustress

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48
Q

_________ —negative pressures trigger associated reactions. (death of spouse, loss of job)

A

Distress

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49
Q

Responses to Stress:


\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ :
Feeling upset
Inability to concentrate
Irritability 
Loss of self-confidence
A

Psychological

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50
Q

Responses to Stress:


\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ :
Worry
Difficulty making decisions
Racing thoughts
Absent-mindedness
A

Psychological

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51
Q

Responses to Stress:


\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ :
Rapid pulse
Pounding heart
Increased respiration
Tightened stomach
A

Physiological

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52
Q

Responses to Stress:


\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ :
Tensing of arm and leg muscles
Shortness of breath
Gritting of teeth
Muscle tension
A

Physiological

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53
Q

Responses to Stress:


_________ :
Deterioration in performance effectiveness
Smoking, use of alcohol or other drugs
Accident proneness

A

Behavioral

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54
Q

Responses to Stress:


_________ :
Nervous mannerisms (foot tapping, nail biting)
Increased or decreased eating
Increased or decreased sleeping

A

Behavioral

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55
Q

Stress:
Associated fight-flight responses initiated when hypothalamus activates:
_________ nervous system
_________ system

A

Autonomic

Endocrine

56
Q

Associated fight-flight responses initiated when _________ activates:
Autonomic nervous system
Endocrine system

A

hypothalamus

57
Q

_________ :

A trauma related condition triggered by exposure to one or more of these:

  • Directly experience trauma
  • Witness traumatic event
  • Become aware of trauma affecting close family member
  • Become aware of trauma affecting close friend
  • Experience first-hand repeated or extreme -exposure to aversive details of trauma
A

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

58
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for _________ :

  • Recurring memories of the traumatic event(s)
  • Recurrent, distressing dreams related to traumatic event(s)
  • Dissociative reactions, or flashbacks; re-living the event
  • Negative cognition, e.g. self blame
  • Estrangement from others; diminished interest in activities. Isolation
  • Hyper-vigilance, aggressiveness, or self-destructive behavior
  • Symptoms must persist for more than one month.
A

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

59
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD :

  • Recurring memories of the traumatic event(s)
  • Recurrent, distressing dreams related to traumatic event(s)
  • Dissociative reactions, or flashbacks; re-living the event
  • Negative cognition, e.g. self blame
  • Estrangement from others; diminished interest in activities. Isolation
  • Hyper-vigilance, aggressiveness, or self-destructive behavior
  • Symptoms must persist for more than _________
A

one month.

60
Q

_________ :

a trauma related condition in which the event experienced (directly, indirectly or witnessed) triggers:

recurring memories, sense of numbness, flashbacks
nightmares, night terrors, work difficulties, etc.
Symptoms persist for at least 3 days and up to 1 month (beyond 1 month its upgraded to PTSD)

A

Acute Stress Disorder

61
Q

Acute Stress Disorder:

a trauma related condition in which the event experienced (directly, indirectly or witnessed) triggers:

recurring memories, sense of numbness, flashbacks
nightmares, night terrors, work difficulties, etc.
Symptoms persist for at least _________ and up to _________ (beyond 1 month its upgraded to PTSD)

A
  • 3 days

- 1 month

62
Q

_________ Disorders:

Brought on by stressors not traumatic events

A

Adjustment

63
Q

_________ :

stress response syndromes triggered by common stressors or challenges

A

Adjustment Disorders

64
Q

_________ :

clinically significant emotional, physical and behavioral symptoms disrupts normal functioning

Personal distress is apparent

A

Adjustment Disorders

65
Q

_________ :

Occupational, academic, social functioning may be impaired.

Mildest clinical psychological reactions to stress.

A

Adjustment Disorders

66
Q

_________ :

Symptoms onset within 3 months of stressor, and typically subside within 6 months

A

Adjustment Disorders

67
Q

_________ :

Symptomatic responses to long-term stressors may persist indefinitely.

A

Adjustment Disorders

68
Q

Adjustment disorder with _________

Adjustment disorder with _________

A
  • anxiety

- depressed mood

69
Q

Adjustment disorder with _________ anxiety and _________ mood

A
  • mixed

- depressed

70
Q

Adjustment disorder with _________ of conduct

Adjustment disorder with _________ disturbance of _________ and conduct

A
  • disturbance
  • mixed
  • emotions
71
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder ( _________ Disorder)

A

Multiple Personality

72
Q

_________ :

Disruption of identity, characterized by two or more distinct personality states or by an experience of possession. (two or more distinct personality states in one person)

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder

73
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder:

_________ or more distinct personality states in one person

A

two

74
Q

_________ :

Recurrent gaps in recall of everyday events, personal history and/or traumatic events that are inconsistent with ordinary forgetting.

99% have had history of severe physical or sexual abuse by the age of 9.

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder:

75
Q

_________ :

Causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning

Not a normal part of broadly accepted cultural or religious practices

Symptoms not attributable to a substance or medical condition

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder:

76
Q

_________ :

“Switching” may be triggered by stressors

Each identity has unique thoughts, feelings, and actions, not consolidated into one state of consciousness.

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder:

77
Q

Manifestations of Sub-personalities:

_________ :
No awareness of one another (not aware of the other personality)

A

Mutually amnestic

78
Q

Manifestations of Sub-personalities:

_________ :
Sub-personalities well aware of the rest

A

Mutually cognizant

79
Q

Manifestations of Sub-personalities:

_________ :
Awareness between sub-personalities is not reciprocal (i.e., Rachel may be aware of Sara, but Sara is not aware of Rachel)

A

One-way amnestic

80
Q

_________ :


trauma related disorder marked by loss of autobiographical information; causes significant distress or impairment.

A

Dissociative Amnesia

81
Q

Dissociative Amnesia:


trauma related disorder marked by loss of autobiographical information; causes significant _________ or _________ .

A
  • distress

- impairment

82
Q

_________ :

loss of memory for experiences during a particular time frame or time period. (i.e. Ages 13-15 or while in war)

A

Localized amnesia

83
Q

_________ :

loss of memory for specific events or “specific happenings” (small piece such as friend getting shot in war)

A

Selective amnesia

84
Q

_________ :

inability to recall personal history, identity, and pertinent information.

A

Generalized amnesia

85
Q

_________ :

inability to form new memories after trauma, up to and including present; may also forget memories in the past

A

Continuous amnesia

86
Q

Continuous amnesia—
inability to form _________ memories after trauma, up to and including present; may also _________ memories in the past

A
  • new

- forget

87
Q

Generalized amnesia—

inability to recall _________ history, _________ , and pertinent information.

A
  • personal

- identity

88
Q

Selective amnesia—

loss of memory for specific events or “_________ ” (small piece such as friend getting shot in war)

A

specific happenings

89
Q

Localized amnesia—

loss of memory for experiences during a particular _________ or time period. (i.e. Ages 13-15 or while in war)

A

time frame

90
Q

_________ : 


an extreme version of dissociative amnesia with sudden and unexpected departure. (Fugue = To take flight)

A

Dissociative Fugue

91
Q

_________ :

Departure time may range from brief (hours or days) to complex (weeks or months).

Inability to recall one’s past, with significant distress.

Usually, unobtrusive wandering.

A

Dissociative Fugue

92
Q

Dissociative Fugue:

an extreme version of dissociative _________ with sudden and unexpected _________ . (Fugue = To take flight)

A
  • amnesia

- departure

93
Q

_________ :
Confusion about identity & assumption of a new identity.

Usually only a one time thing - Don’t remember the fugue state after they remember who they really are.

A

Dissociative Fugue

94
Q

-Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder-

_________ = (Person / body)

A

Depersonalization

95
Q

-Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder-

_________ = (Environment)

A

Derealization

96
Q

_________ :

a trauma related disorder marked by persistent or recurrent episodes of feeling estranged from one’s self

A

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

97
Q

_________ :

Intermittent feelings of detachment from self (parts of your body do not feel like their own, even thought they know the body part is their own)

A

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

98
Q

_________ :

Feeling as if one is living in a dream state

Sensation of being an outside observer of one’s body and/or one’s mental processes.

A

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

99
Q

_________ :

strategic efforts to expose unconscious memories.

A

Psychoanalytic therapy—

100
Q

_________ :

hypnotic trance induced; client is guided to recall forgotten information.

A

Hypnotherapy—

101
Q

_________ :
“truth serums” or barbiturates:
used to reduce inhibitions, induce a state of calm to facilitate recall of memories

A

Medical interventions—

102
Q

-Mood Disorders-

Episodic, come and go) (Mood = _________

A

Affect

103
Q

_________ :

A group of conditions marked by disturbance in affect or feelings, sufficient to impair functioning.

A

Mood Disorders

104
Q

_________ Disorder

always down or normal never up

A

Major Depressive

105
Q

Major Depressive Disorder :

  • The presence of a major depressive _________
  • _________ presence of manic or hypomanic episode
A
  • episode

- No

106
Q

_________ :
condition in which functioning is severely disrupted by intense bouts of depression marked by five or more or these symptoms during the same 2 week period:

A

Major Depressive Episode (MDE)

107
Q

Major Depressive Episode (MDE) :

condition in which functioning is severely disrupted by intense bouts of depression marked by _________ or more or these symptoms during the same _________ period:

A
  • five

- 2 week

108
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)



_________ depression but lasts _________

A
  • Milder

- longer

109
Q

_________ :

Chronic form of depression, less disabling pattern

Depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years (1 year for children and adolescents)

A

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)



110
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

 :

Chronic form of depression, less disabling pattern

Depressed mood for most of the day for at least _________ (1 year for children and adolescents)

A

2 years

111
Q

_________ :

Presence of 2 or more of the following symptoms:

Poor appetite or overeating
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Low energy or fatigue
Low self-esteem
Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions
Feelings of hopelessness
A

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

 :

112
Q

_________ :

During the 2 years, the individual has not been without symptoms for more than 2 months at a time

No history of manic or hypomanic episode

A

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

 :

113
Q

_________ :

Commonly referred to as Postpartum Depression

A clinical reaction marked by feelings of intense sadness, agitation, anger, and dejection

A

Peripartum Onset

114
Q

_________ :

Symptoms may include severe anxiety, panic attacks, crying spells, insomnia, disinterest in new born

Symptoms typically onset either during pregnancy or within 4 weeks following delivery

A

Peripartum Onset

115
Q

_________ :

Presentation of symptoms may be:
Psychotic: disturbance in perceptual ties to reality; delusions/hallucination present.
Non-psychotic: no evidence of delusions or hallucinations

A

Peripartum Onset

116
Q

_________ :

a condition in which increased levels of melatonin in the brain trigger fatigue, low energy, loss of enthusiasm, reduced motivation, hypersomnia, failure to complete tasks, weight gain, crave carbs, etc…

Symptom onset during fall & winter months

Symptoms remit in spring

A

Seasonal Affective Disorder

117
Q

_________ :

Symptom onset during fall & winter months

Symptoms remit in spring

A

Seasonal Affective Disorder

118
Q

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder :

a _________ prior to menstrual cycle, _________ or more or these symptoms manifest:

A
  • week

- five

119
Q

_________ :

Mood swings, feeling suddenly sad or tearful, increased sensitivity to rejection

Feelings of depression or hopelessness.

Irritability, anger, and interpersonal conflict.

Decreased interest in activities, reduced energy, etc.

Poor concentration, appetite changes

Swollen breasts, headaches, weight gain, bloating etc.

A

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

120
Q

_________ :

Diagnosed between 6-18 years of age

Severe and recurrent temper outbursts (verbal or behavioral) that are disproportionate to the situation

Outbursts occur 3 or more times per week, for at least 1 year

A

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder


121
Q

_________ :

Persistent irritable or angry mood is displayed between outbursts

Symptoms are present in at least two settings (home, school, with peers)

Symptoms do not include psychotic features

A

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder


122
Q

_________ :
all marked by the experience of two feeling states :

Despair (depression)
Elevation (mania)

A

Bipolar conditions

123
Q

_________ :

distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood, lasting at least 1 week.

A

Manic episode

124
Q

_________ :

Presence of manic episode, or history of manic episode

A

Bipolar I

125
Q

_________ :

Presence or history of hypomanic episode(s)

NO history of a manic episode

A

Bipolar II

126
Q

-Main difference between Bipolar I & II - is the bipolar II only reaches _________ episode-

A

hypomanic

127
Q

_________ :

A condition marked by chronic feelings of low grade or mild depression

A

Cyclothymic Disorder

128
Q

_________ :

Symptoms include numerous periods of hypomania

Perceptual ties to reality not impaired

Symptoms persist minimally for 2 years, and may begin in adolescence

A

Cyclothymic Disorder

129
Q

_________ :

low activity of serotonin and norepinephrine; and elevated melatonin.

A

Depression

130
Q

_________ :

abnormal blood flow in the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex.

A

Depression

131
Q

_________ :

irregular levels of serotonin (low levels) and norepinephrine (high levels); irregular activity of sodium (ions);

A

Bipolar

132
Q

_________ :

smaller basil ganglia and cerebellum; and irregular activity in amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex.

A

Bipolar

133
Q
  • Medical treatments -

_________ :
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) -increase norepinephrine levels [Monoamine -main function is to break down norepinephrine]

A

Depression

134
Q
  • Medical treatments -

_________ :

  • Tricyclics
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
A

Depression

135
Q
  • Medical treatments -

_________ :

  • Electroconvulsive shock therapy
  • Vagus nerve stimulation—small pulse generator implanted under skin in chest, up neck and attached to vagus nerve.
  • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
A

Depression

136
Q
  • Medical treatments -
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ :
Mood stabilizers-
-Lithium
-Depakote
-Tegretol
A

Bipolar

Ab Psych 286 (6 decks)

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