Test 1 - Chapters 1-3 Flashcards
_________ - A specialized area in psychology dedicated to the scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, explain, predict, and change abnormal patterns of functioning.
Abnormal Psychology
Abnormal Psychology
- A specialized area in psychology dedicated to the _________ study of _________ behavior in an effort to describe, explain, predict, and change abnormal patterns of functioning.
- scientific
- abnormal
Abnormal Psychology
- A specialized area in psychology dedicated to the scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to _________ , _________ , _________ , and change abnormal patterns of functioning.
- describe
- explain
- predict
4 Goals of Abnormal Psychology:
Describe
Explain
Predict
Influence/Change
4 Goals of Abnormal Psychology:
-Describe:
-stating what is happening
4 Goals of Abnormal Psychology:
-Explain:
-State why is it happening
4 Goals of Abnormal Psychology:
-Predict
-State when you think you’ll see behavior again - Speculate about the onset and developmental patterns of the particular disorder
4 Goals of Abnormal Psychology:
-Influence/Change
- change the abnormal patterns of behavior
_________ —
behavior is unusual or rare.
Deviance
Deviance—
behavior is _________ or rare.
unusual
_________ —
behavior causes personal or social suffering.
Distressful
Distressful—
behavior that causes _________ or social _________ .
- personal
- suffering
_________ —
behavior impairs or inhibits adaptive (Daily) functioning.
Dysfunctional
Dysfunctional—
behavior that _________ or inhibits _________ (Daily) functioning.
- impairs
- adaptive
_________ —
behavior poses a threat to self or others. (immediate threat)
Dangerous
Dangerous—
behavior that poses a _________ to self or _________ . (immediate threat)
- threat
- others
_________ —
perceptual distortions or alterations that may interfere with the ability to accurately interpret reality, resulting in:
Hallucinations
Delusions
Distorted Perception(irrationality)
Distorted Perception(irrationality)—
perceptual distortions or _________ that may interfere with the ability to accurately interpret _________ , resulting in:
Hallucinations
Delusions
- alterations
- reality
Everything that is _________ is deviant, but not everything that is _________ is abnormal.
- abnormal
- deviant
Everything that is abnormal is _________ , but not everything that is deviant is _________ .
- deviant
- abnormal
_________ - PhD, PsyD, EdD - Talk therapy
Psychologist
Psychologist - _________ , PsyD, EdD - —
- PhD
- Talk therapy
_________ - MD, DO - not much talk therapy - Prescribes meds
Psychiatrists
Psychiatrists - _________ , DO - not much _________ - Prescribes meds
- MD
- talk therapy
_________ - only need Bachelors unless medical work need masters
Social workers
Social workers - only need _________ unless medical work need _________
- Bachelors
- masters
_________ - Many different kinds - therapist, masters level psychologist, substance abuse counselors
Counselors
_________ - Detailed, longitudinal study of the same subject across an extensive time period.
Case studies
Case studies - Detailed, _________ study of the same subject across an extensive _________ .
- longitudinal
- time period
Case studies may involve the use of _________ , _________ testing, delivery of treatment, etc…
- interviews
- psychological
_________ -Technique used to examine the relationship between naturally existing (occurring) variables.
Correlational Study
Correlational Study - Technique used to _________ the relationship between _________ existing (occurring) variables.
- examine
- naturally
_________ -
(Flintstone vitamins and weed/cocaine) (Frosted flakes and Oatmeal to cancer) - (dependent on generation north vitamins or oatmeal)
Correlational Studies
_________ :
Describes the direction and strength of the relationship between two or more variables.
Correlational studies
Correlational studies:
Describes the _________ and strength of the relationship between two or more _________ .
- direction
- variables
_________ - Does not establish cause-effect between variables.
Correlational studies:
_________ —
an approach used to measure the frequency and prevalence of disorders in a given population.
Epidemiological
Epidemiological—
an approach used to measure the _________ and prevalence of disorders in a given _________ .
- frequency
- population
_________ –
an approach used to measure whether variables correlate over extended time periods.
Same subject/groups are studied and followed over a long time period.
Longitudinal
Longitudinal –
an approach used to measure whether _________ correlate over extended time periods.
Same subject/groups are studied and followed over a _________ period.
- variables
- long time
_________ - A research strategy in which groups of subjects are used to test a hypothesis by manipulating variables to study the effects of those manipulations.
Experiment
Experiment-
A _________ strategy in which groups of subjects are used to test a hypothesis by _________ variables to study the effects of those manipulations.
- research
- manipulating
_________ –
The group of subjects exposed to the independent variable.
The group that receives or is given the treatment.
Experimental group
Experimental group –
The group of subjects exposed to the _________ .
The group that receives or is given the treatment.
independent variable
Experimental group –
The group of subjects exposed to the independent variable.
The group that _________ or is given the _________ .
- receives
- treatment
_________ -
subjects who are not exposed to the independent variable, but are used for comparison.
subjects who are compared to the experimental group to verify cause-effect relationship.
Control group
Control group-
subjects who are _________ to the independent variable, but are used for _________ .
subjects who are compared to the experimental group to verify cause-effect relationship.
- not exposed
- comparison
Control group-
subjects who are not exposed to the independent variable, but are used for comparison.
subjects who are _________ to the experimental group to verify _________ relationship.
- compared
- cause-effect
_________ —
The variable being changed or manipulated
Independent variable
Independent variable—
The _________ being _________ or manipulated
- variable
- changed
_________ —
The variable being observed or measured
Dependent variable
Dependent variable—
The variable being _________ or _________
- observed
- measured
_________ —
Any other variable in the environment that can influence your results
confounding variable
confounding variable—
Any other _________ in the environment that can_________ your results
- variable
- influence
_________ —
unknown, uncontrolled factor that is also acting on the dependent variable
confounding variable
-Alternative Experimental Designs-
_________ - Pre-existing groups are used
Quasi-experiment
-Alternative Experimental Designs-
Quasi-experiment - _________ groups are used
Pre-existing
- Alternative Experimental Designs-
- Independent variable is a factor of nature (Natural disaster - cancer, tornado, hurricane)
Natural experiments
-Alternative Experimental Designs-
Natural experiments - _________ variable is a factor of _________ (Natural disaster - cancer, tornado, hurricane)
- Independent
- nature
-Alternative Experimental Designs-
_________ - Create an experiment in the lab that mimics the real world (gun on the table)
-Analogue experiment
-Alternative Experimental Designs-
Analogue experiment - Create an _________ in the lab that _________ the real world (gun on the table)
- experiment
- mimics
-Alternative Experimental Designs-
_________ -
ABAB Process:
observation—treatment—observation—treatment
Single-subject experiment
-Alternative Experimental Designs-
Single-subject experiment -
ABAB Process:
_________ —treatment—observation—_________
- observation
- treatment
_________ - variable are moving in same direction: ex. +.55, +.78
Positive correlation
Positive correlation - variable are moving in _________ : ex. +.55, +.78
same direction
_________ - Variable moving in opposite directions ex. +.44, -.62
Negative correlation
Negative correlation - Variable moving in _________ ex. +.44, -.62
opposite directions
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - A number between zero and a positive or negative 1.00 . .99-.70 is stronger .69-.50 is moderate .49-below is weak \+ and - signs tell you the direction
Correlation Coefficient
Correlation Coefficient- A number between \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and a positive or negative \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . .99-.70 is stronger .69-.50 is moderate .49-below is weak \+ and - signs tell you the direction
- zero
- 1.00
_________- -
The number describes the strength of the relationship between variables.
Correlation Coefficient
Correlation Coefficient-
The number describes the _________ of the relationship between _________ .
- strength
- variables
_________ -
Brain anatomy
Brain chemistry
Heredity or Genetics
Biological Perspective
Biological Perspective -
Brain _________
Brain _________
Heredity or Genetics
- anatomy
- chemistry
_________ — receives, transports, and processes sensory information or electrical impulses underlying human experiences and behaviors.
Nervous System
Nervous System — receives, _________ , and processes _________ information or electrical impulses underlying human experiences and behaviors.
- transports
- sensory
Nervous System— receives, transports, and processes sensory information or electrical impulses underlying human _________ and _________ .
- experiences
- behaviors
-Nervous System-
_________ -
cells that provide nutrients, protect, and support the neurons.
-Glial cells— (Glial=Glue)
-Nervous System-
Glial cells— (Glial=Glue)
cells that provide _________ , protect, and support the _________ .
- nutrients
- neurons
-Nervous System-
_________ —
nerve cells that receive, transport, and process information.
Neurons
-Nervous System-
Neurons—
nerve cells that _________ , transport, and process _________ .
- receive
- information
Cells in Nervous System:
Glial cells
Neurons
-Endocrine System-
_________ —secretes adrenalin that stimulates fight/flight response
Adrenal gland
-Endocrine System-
Adrenal gland—secretes _________ that stimulates _________ response
- adrenalin
- fight/flight
-Endocrine System-
_________ — “master gland,” secretes growth hormones
Pituitary gland
-Endocrine System-
Pituitary gland— “_________ ” secretes growth _________
- master gland,
- hormones
-Endocrine System-
_________ —insulin & blood sugar
Pancreas
-Endocrine System-
Pancreas— _________ & _________ sugar
- insulin
- blood
-Endocrine System-
_________ —secretes sex hormones; specifically, estrogen, testosterone, and androgen
Gonads (ovaries/testes)
-Endocrine System-
Gonads (ovaries/testes)—secretes _________ hormones; specifically, _________ , testosterone, and androgen
- sex
- estrogen
