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Human Physiology PB > Test 2 Chapter 10 Peripheral Vasculature > Flashcards

Test 2 Chapter 10 Peripheral Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 10 …You’re Almost there!!

A

Vasculature

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2
Q

Function of blood vessels?

A

Responsible for moving blood throughout the body

Specific functions for different locations

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers (tunica) of blood vessels?

A

Adventitia

Media

Endothelial

(Intima)

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4
Q

What are the Blood Vessel Types?

A

Artery

Arterioles

Metarterioles

Capillary

Venules

Vein

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5
Q

External Layer?

A

External or Adventitia

Made of connective tissue

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6
Q

Middle Layer?

A

Media

Smooth muscle layer

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7
Q

Inner Most layer?

A

Endothelial Layer

made of Epithelial Tissue

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8
Q

What is the Intima

A

Endothelium and basement membrane

Where atherosclerosis (fatty deposits) occurs underneath blood vessel lining

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9
Q

What is an artery?

Characterized by?

A

Blood vessel leaving the heart

Smooth muscle-large media layer

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10
Q

Describe Arterioles

A

Small Artery

Less than 1/2 mm in diameter

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11
Q

Metarteriole

Contains what?

A

Branches off of the arteriole
Isolated sections of smooth muscle (Precapillary sphincters)

Pre-Capillary sphincters allow blood flow through capillary bed

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12
Q

Capillary

A

Layer of endothelium (intima) in basement membrane

1 endothelial cell thick

Exchange occurs here (short distance)

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13
Q

Venules

A

Small veins with limited or no smooth muscles

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14
Q

Vein

A

Less smooth muscle than arteries

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15
Q

Do capillaries contain smooth muscle?

A

NOPE

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16
Q

What are the 4 Physical Properties that define function?

A
  1. Ohm’s Law
  2. Poiseuille’s Law
  3. Capacitance (distensibility)
  4. Mean Arterial Pressure
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17
Q

Ohm’s law

A

PRESSURE=FLOW x RESISTANCE

How blood flows through blood vessel

(V=IR)

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18
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure

A

Average pressure in an artery & equal to flow through the arteries

Flow=Cardiac output X total peripheral resistance

F=CO x TPR or

BP=HR x SV x TPR

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19
Q

Poiseuille’s Law

A

Calculating resistance nL8/(pi)x r^4

manipulating resistance ->effects pressure

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20
Q

According to Poiseuille’s Law, what happens to pressure with change in resistance?

A

Increase resistance=increase pressure

Decrease resistance=decrease pressure

Small change in radius produces a profound change in resistance and blood flow

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21
Q

Capacitance/Distensibility

A

C= Change in volume/change in pressure

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22
Q

Compare veins and arteries in terms of capacitance and distensibility

A

Capacitance-ability of a vessel to accept volumes easily

Change in volume/change in pressure

Veins= high capacitance. Can easily distend and accept large volumes w. Little change in pressure

Artery=low capacitance. As volume increases pressure increases

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23
Q

Calculate Mean Arterial Pressure

A

MAP= Diastolic Pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

So

80 + (1/3)40=93mmHg

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24
Q

Functional properties of Arteries?

A

Arteries are pressure reservoirs.

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25
Q

What sustains the pressure the heart creates?

A

Arteries

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26
Q

Doppler Sounds in an artery

1st surge

2nd surge

A

1st surge=heart beating

2nd surge due to artery recoiling

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27
Q

Dichroitic Notch

A

Located in the arterial pulse wave

Point when semilunar valves close

The little blip=arterioles recoiling=2nd surge of blood

28
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

Created by contraction of the heart

29
Q

Diastole

A

Heart relaxes

BP gradually comes down (low point) pressure in the artery drops down to low point

30
Q

Systolic blood pressure/diastolic pressure what is the typical blood pressure?

31
Q

Pulse Pressure?

A

Difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic pressure

The driving pulse

32
Q

What is typical mean arterial pressure?

33
Q

Function of Arterioles?

What kind of control do arterioles have?

A

Resistance vessels

Vasomotor control

34
Q

What are the 2 types of vasomotor control that controls arteriole resistance?

A

Vasodilation

Vasoconstriction

35
Q

Estimating MAP

A

Diastolic blood pressure + [1/3xpulse pressure]

36
Q

Vasodilation of arterioles in terms of resistance and blood flow

A

Decreased resistance =increased local blood flow

37
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Increased resistance and decreased local blood flow

38
Q

What are the small arteries that vasodilation and vasoconstrict?

A

Arterioles=resistance vessels

39
Q

5 mechanisms that control vasomotor tone in ARTERIOLES?

A

Effecting unitary smooth muscle cells

Myogenic
Autonomic Nervous System
Hormones
Paracrines
Autoregulation
40
Q
  1. MYOGENIC

Unitary smooth muscles around arterioles are…

A

Can stimulate themselves because they are myogenic

41
Q
  1. Autonomic Nervous System
A

-involuntary control but have SYMPATHETIC CONTROL-1 side

Norepinephrine->smooth muscle surrounding arterioles->produces stronger contraction-> VASOCONSTRICTION->resistance increases->blood flow decreases

42
Q

To vasodilate arterioles what needs to happen?

A

Decrease sympathetic control

43
Q
  1. Hormones that cause vasocconstriction
A

Epineprhine
Norepinephrine
Angiotensin
Vasopressin

44
Q
  1. Autoregulation of arterioles
A

Local control based on local metabolites which cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation

45
Q
  1. Paracrines

Vasodilators

Vasoconstriction

A

Local in its effect-does not enter blood stream

  • Vasodilators: Nitric oxide (endothelium)
  • Histamine (immune response)

Vasoconstriction-Endothelin-produced in endothelium

46
Q

Major causes of vasodilation via AUTOREGULATION

A

Decreased Oxygen and pH

Increased CO2, Temp, ADP, Potassium

47
Q

Major causes of Vasoconstriction via AUTOREGULATION

A

Increased: Oxygen and pH

Decreased CO2, TEMP, ADP, Potassium

48
Q

What are the Metarterioles

Function:

Similar to ____ except for_____

A

Resistance vessels

Similar to arterioles except not controlled by AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. Controlled by MYOGENIC PROPERTIES, HORMONES, PARACRINES & Autoregulation

49
Q

Capillaries

Function

Description

A

Function: exchange vessel

Small, thin, 1 cell layer thick->ideal simple diffusion conditions

50
Q

What are the key factors in diffusion?

A

Large surface area
Short distances
High concentration gradients
slow velocity

51
Q

What exchange mechanisms do capillaries do capillaries participate in?

A
  1. Diffusion

2. Bulk Flow

52
Q

What is Bulk Flow in the Capillaries

A

-fluid leaks out and is reabsorbed into the capillaries via OSMOSIS

Consists of ultrafiltration
& reabsorption

53
Q

What are the 4 forces facilitating bulk flow in the capillaries?

A
  1. Capillary pressure
  2. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
  3. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
  4. Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
54
Q

What are the inward pressures pushing into the capillary

A

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
(25mmHg)

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
1mmHg

55
Q

What are the outward pressure forces?

A
  1. Capillary pressure (37mmHg)

2. Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (0mmHg)

56
Q

Capillary pressure

A

Pressure from inside pushing out
37mmHg-arteriole end
17mmHg-Venules end

57
Q

Plasma Colloid osmotic pressure?

A

Pressure pulling in

Constant 25mmHg

58
Q

Interstitial fluid Hydrostatic Pressure

A

Due to fluid on outside pushing in 1mmHg

59
Q

Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

A

Due to osmotic proteins.

Pulls fluid out of capillaries (0mmHg)

60
Q

Net inward pressure on Venule end of capillary?

61
Q

Net outward f\pressure on arteriole end of capillary

62
Q

Ultrafiltration

A

Occurs on arterial end of capillary

3 L of Fluid leaks out into interstitial fluid the rest is reabsorbed

63
Q

Reabsorption

A

Venous end of capillary. Reabsorption of fluid that has leaked out

64
Q

Lymphatic system consists of what

A

Lymph=3L of fluid not reabsorbed by capillary

Lymph nodes: filters lymph before being returned into circulation

65
Q

What are Venules?

A

Very little smooth muscle & Function as conduits (they are just a pass to veins)

66
Q

Veins

Function

A

Function: volume reservoirs or high capacitance vessels

65-75% of blood located here

Veins allow to manipulate venous return

Human Physiology PB (9 decks)

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