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Nursing II > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydration provides what?

A

perfusion of tissues with delivery of nutrients, removal of wastes, delivery of drugs

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2
Q

Need blood perfusion to the area of fluid delivery to allow what?

A

absorption of fluids

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3
Q

Are SQ fluids reliable in a dehydrated animal?

A

no

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4
Q

Dehydration causes peripheral what?

A

vasoconstriction

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5
Q

Fluids will migrate in SQ tissues to what?

A

ventral tissues

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6
Q

Check which area if fluids are administered over the shoulders?

A

brisket

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7
Q

Fluid accumulation here 8 hours after SQ fluids indicates what?

A

fluids not absorbed

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8
Q

What are some routes for fluid administration?

A

Oral, SQ, IV, IO, IP

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9
Q

Which route is best for fluid administration?

A

oral

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10
Q

Why is oral route best for fluid administration?

A

animal controls amount

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11
Q

What are some contraindications for oral administration of fluids?

A

vomiting, esophageal disease, aspiration pneumonitis, shock

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12
Q

What kind of fluids are given SQ?

A

only isotonic

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13
Q

A dehydrated animal will not have what?

A

blood flow to the area to remove the fluids and carry them to the general circulation

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14
Q

SQ edema ventral to injection site at 6-8 hours post SQ indicates what?

A

fluids not absorbed

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15
Q

What size needle do you use for SQ fluid administration?

A

16 to 22 gauge depending on size of animal

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16
Q

How much fluid do you administer SQ?

A

15ml/#

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17
Q

How much fluid is administered SQ to a cat?

A

10-20ml/kg/site

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18
Q

How much fluid is administered SQ to a large dog?

A

can tolerate >200ml/site

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19
Q

What is recommended to make SQ fluids better tolerated?

A

warming fluids

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20
Q

What should you monitor while giving SQ fluids?

A

skin tension and patients comfort tolerance

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21
Q

How many sites is best for SQ fluid administration?

A

one site

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22
Q

What happens when you use an increased number of sites/needles during SQ fluid administration?

A

introduction of bacteria SQ

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23
Q

Large amounts of fluid SQ will require what?

A

longer time to administer

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24
Q

What should you do to the SQ site before inserting the needle?

A

cleanse and rinse carefully

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25
Q

What should you use attached to bag of fluids for SQ administration?

A

syringe/needle/butterfly catheter or administration tube

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26
Q

Following injection of fluids SQ, you should do what?

A

grasp injection site with thumb and forefinger for several seconds/ 1 minute

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27
Q

SQ fluid administration procedure is not complete until what?

A

one has verified that back-leakage of fluid from the SQ space onto the skin is not occuring

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28
Q

When do fluids absorb SQ?

A

6-8 hours

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29
Q

SQ is not recommended for what kind of patient?

A

hypovolemic patient

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30
Q

What is the exception for giving SQ fluids to a hypovolemic patient?

A

life or death when access to vein not possible

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31
Q

IV is used for fluid administration is for what?

A

mild to severe dehydration, hypotension, shock, vomit, where significant continuing losses occur

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32
Q

IV route for fluid administration requires what?

A

close monitoring, asepsis, special care of catheters

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33
Q

What kind of technique is used for intraperitoneal fluid administration?

A

aseptic

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34
Q

Which route of fluid administration is good in emergency?

A

intraosseous/intramedullary

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35
Q

Intraosseous/intramedullary is easier access than what?

A

collapsed vein

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36
Q

Where is the aseptic technique for fluid administration performed?

A

over trochanteric fossa, greater tubercle

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37
Q

What size needle is needed for the aseptic technique in neonates?

A

16g

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38
Q

What kind of needle is needed for the aseptic technique in animals <4 months?

A

spinal needle and stylet

39
Q

What kind of needle is needed for the aseptic technique in animals >4 months?

A

bone marrow needle and stylet

40
Q

For calculation of fluid volume to give we need to initially calculate the amounts for all routes except oral and then do what?

A

adjust according to response of animal to therapy

41
Q

With SQ, IV, IP, IO routes for fluid delivery the animal has no control over what?

A

the input and cannot stop when appropriate

42
Q

In a critical fluid situation be prepared to do what?

A

give whole blood volume per hour

43
Q

What is the dosage for fluids for a critical dog?

A

40ml/#

44
Q

What is the dosage for fluids for a critical cat?

A

20ml/#

45
Q

For therapy fluids you should replace deficits created by what?

A

dehydration

46
Q

What causes dehydration?

A

vomit, diarrhea, blood loss, fever, etc

47
Q

For therapy fluids be sure to account for what?

A

continuing losses

48
Q

What are some continuing losses?

A

vomit, diarrhea, hemorrhage, fever, etc

49
Q

For fluid therapy be sure to include what in your calculation?

A

maintenance needs

50
Q

For critical fluids you divide total blood volume into how many parts?

A

4 parts

51
Q

What should you assess before giving fluids to a critical patient?

A

TP and PCV

52
Q

PCV of less than what indicates need for transfusion

A

20%

53
Q

What % of starting TP value indicates need for transfusion?

A

> 50%

54
Q

How much of the fluid volume should you give to a critical patient in 10 minutes, 20 min., 10 min., and 20 min?

A

1/4

55
Q

Rapid weight changes are what?

A

water loss

56
Q

What can alter skin tent results?

A

Cachexia and obesity

57
Q

What is the equation to detect ml lost?

A

% x weight in lbs x 454 ml/lb

58
Q

What do you use to estimate fluid therapy amount?

A

Hx and P.E.

59
Q

For fluid therapy the calculated amount should be given over how long?

A

a 24 hour period

60
Q

How do you calculate your fluid estimates?

A

add 80% of dehydration + maintenance + losses

61
Q

Why do we add 80% of dehydration?

A

to avoid diuresis

62
Q

What will diuresis do?

A

remove water from the body faster than we are replacing it

63
Q

What should you do after giving your fluids over the 24 hour period?

A

re-evaluate and re-calculate

64
Q

How do you calculate your estimate for vomit, diarrhea, urine?

A

double what you think you see

65
Q

12x12 square tile holds about how much?

A

100ml

66
Q

1.8 degree of fever requires how much of an increase in maintenance water?

A

10%

67
Q

How do you calculate ongoing losses?

A

maintenance x 10% x amount of fever/1.8

68
Q

Fluids should be delivered how long for a critical patient?

A

over a 1 hour period

69
Q

What are the 3 types of fluid compartments in the body?

A

intravascular compartment, intracellular compartment, extracellular compartment

70
Q

Where is the intravascular compartment located?

A

within the vessels

71
Q

Where is the intracellular compartment located?

A

within the cells

72
Q

Where is the extracellular compartment located?

A

in the tissues, outside the cells and vessels

73
Q

fluid moves between compartments, depending on what?

A

osmolality

74
Q

Water follows what?

A

particles

75
Q

In disease we also see fluid building up in what cavities?

A

abdominal and thorax

76
Q

What is the goal during a shock situation?

A

to give fluids to fill the intravascular space to support the cardiovascular system and organ function

77
Q

What are the 3 basic types of fluids?

A

dextrose, crystalloid, and colloid

78
Q

What is dextrose?

A

glucose

79
Q

Glucose is rapidly metabolized to what?

A

CO2 + H2O

80
Q

What is dextrose used for?

A

replace insensible losses

81
Q

What are some insensible losses?

A

sweat, respiration, normal feces

82
Q

What is dextrose used to correct?

A

hypernatremia

83
Q

What can dextrose be?

A

an energy source

84
Q

50% dextrose is a energy source not what?

A

fluid therapy

85
Q

What is dextrose not god for?

A

maintenance or shock

86
Q

Why is dextrose not good for maintenance or shock?

A

no particles present to hold water in vessels

87
Q

Why is D5W not good SQ?

A

may cause electrolyte movement into tissues

88
Q

What do electrolytes in the tissues cause?

A

fluid accumulation, decreased circulating blood volume, shock. Particles can abcess

89
Q

0.9% NaCl is what kind of solution?

A

saline

90
Q

.9% sodium chloride is what kind of solution?

A

saline

91
Q

PSS is what kind of solution?

A

saline

92
Q

SPS is what kind of solution?

A

saline

93
Q

What are some balanced crystalloid solutions?

A

ringers and plasmalyte

94
Q

0.9% NaCl is used for what?

A

to replace fluids in ECF

Nursing II (5 decks)

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