Test 2 Flashcards
What are eating disorders?
a group of psychological diseases that manifest themselves in one’s relationship to food
How many major types of eating disorders are there?
Three; anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, bingeing
Who is most likely to have eating disorders?
- Women and girls
- People between the ages of 12 and 25
- Bright, attractive individuals
- Caucasians
What might trigger an eating disorder?
- Difficult transitions (new job or school)
- Loss
- Sexual or physical abuse
- Family/relationship problems
- Critical comments from an authority figure
- Depression or feelings of worthlessness
- DIETING
What does the “culture of slenderness” teach us?
slenderness is associated with happiness, success, beauty, health, popularity, admiration, approval, friends, romance and love, power and self-discipline
What is the difference between an eating disorder and disordered eating?
-Eating disorders are specific diagnosable diseases with
serious health complications.
-Disordered eating may present itself like an eating disorder but does not meet all of the criteria required for a formal diagnosis. Disordered eating will usually precede an eating disorder.
What are the criteria for diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa?
“self-induced starvation”
-Reduced caloric intake resulting in significantly below
total body weight for developmental stage
-Intense fear of gaining weight = body image disturbances
What are some of the warning signs of anorexia nervosa?
- Weight loss (wearing baggy, layered clothes)
- Loss of period
- Preoccupation with food and weight
- Excessive exercise
- Intermittent periods of intense dieting
- Increasing social isolation, depression, irritability and self-criticism
What are criteria for diagnosis of bulimia nervosa?
“bingeing and purging”
- Recurrent episodes of bingeing (once per week over 3 month duration
- Regular compensatory purging behaviors (vomiting, laxative use, diuretic use, diet pill use, enemas, excessive exercise)
- Persistent over-concern with body shape/weight
What are some of the warning signs of bulimia nervosa?
- Strict dieting followed by indulgences
- Frequent over-eating
- Expressing guilt or shame about eating
- Frequent trips to the bathroom
- Other compulsive behaviors (excessive exercise)
- Depression and feelings of guilt
What are some characteristics of binge eating disorder?
Characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory purging behaviors -at least once per week over 3 month duration -Typically individuals are overweight
Individuals can have more than one eating disorder at the same time. True/False
True
What are some additional red flags that could warn you that someone may have an eating disorder?
- Unusual concern over school performance
- Very controlled behavior/hides feelings
- Conversations revolve around food/weight
- Ritualistic and compulsive behaviors
- Extremely competitive
- Unusually critical of self or others
As a health and fitness professional, what should you do when you come across a (client) with a possible eating disorder?
• Focus on prevention. EDUCATE individuals about healthy diet and exercise habits
• Don’t encourage dieting or compulsive exercise
• Promote self-acceptance and acknowledge size/shape
diversity
Before you try to intervene with the (client), what should you always remember?
• Realize that Eating Disorders are stubborn and serious
diseases
• Understand that you will not “cure” the person by yourself
• Realize that the person will be receptive to help only when he or she is ready
What are some questions you can ask if you already have a high level of rapport with that (client)?
- What would your life be like if you got to be the weight you want to be?
- What are the advantages of eating the way you do?
- What can you do differently to increase the chances that you will get what you want?
If someone is in serious danger (regarding their eating habits/disorder), what should you do/remember?
-Consult a physician, nurse or counselor
-Get the family involved
-Know that adults have the right to refuse treatment. You
can’t force someone to get help
What is stress?
A negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes that are directed either toward altering the stressful event or accommodating to its effects.
How is stress determined?
The person-environment fit. It results from the process of appraising events (as harmful, threatening, or challenging), of assessing potential resources, and of responding to the events.
Why are studies of stress in the workplace important?
• They help identify some of the most common stressors of everyday life.
• They provide evidence for the stress-illness
relationship.
• Work stress may be one of our preventable stressors and so provide possibilities for intervention.
• Stress-related physical and mental health disorders account for a growing percentage of disability and social security payments to workers.
How can stress be reduced at work?
- Minimize physical work stressors, such as noise, harsh lighting, crowding, or temperature extremes.
- Minimize unpredictability and ambiguity in expected tasks and standards of performance.
- Involve workers as much as possible in the decisions that affect their work.
- Make jobs as interesting as possible.
- Provide workers with opportunities to develop or promote meaningful social relationships.
- Reward workers for good work, rather than focusing on punishment for poor work.
- Look for signs of stress before stress has an opportunity to do significant damage.
- Add workplace perks that enhance quality of life.
What is the acute stress paradigm?
A laboratory procedure whereby an individual goes through moderately stressful procedures (such as counting backward rapidly by 7s), so that stress-related changes in emotions and physiological and/or neuroendocrine processes may be assessed.
