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KINS366 > Mental Health > Flashcards

Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is Depression

A
  • Normal human affect caused by the disruption of: normal life balance, loss, conflict, trauma
  • Symptom of illness or a medication side-effect
  • Clinical syndrome based on neurochemical imbalance
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2
Q

Is depression the same thing as being in a “sad mood” or “having the blues”?

A

No

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3
Q

What percentage of the U.S. population are treated for depression each year?

A

Approx 7% (16 million)

Another 1.5% more are treated for minor depression each year.

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4
Q

Approximately what percentage of people in the US are affected by depression over their lifespan?

A

20-25%

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5
Q

What time of year does depression have the highest percentages?

A

Winter (family, holidays, finances, weather, etc)

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6
Q

What are some symptoms of depression? (10)

A
  • Sad anxious, or empty
  • Appetite change
  • Restless or irritable
  • Difficulty concentrating/making decisions
  • Feeling hopeless, worthless or guilty
  • Persistant physical symptoms (headaches, digestion)
  • Thoughts of death or suicide
  • Abnormal sleep
  • Loss of interest
  • Fatigue/energy loss
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7
Q

What are some of the types of depression disorders?

A
  • Persistent depressive disorder
  • Major depressive disorder
  • Bipolar disorders
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8
Q

Who may be at increased risk for depression?

A
  • Substance users (alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, LSD)
  • Family history (1st degree makes you 3x more likely)
  • Major loss or trauma (sexual assault/physical abuse)
  • Perfectionist personality type
  • Previous depression or current illness
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9
Q

What are some strategies to use when working with children who have experienced trauma?

A
  • anticipate their needs
  • be honest (age appropriate)
  • share your feelings
  • get children actively involved
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10
Q

What are the four domains in which mood disorder symptoms occur?

A

Cognitive, affective, behavioral, physiological

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11
Q

Psychosocial stressors and dysregulation of what stress hormone predisposes susceptible individuals to depression?

A

cortisol

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12
Q

Chronic stress is is an important risk factor in a number of psychiatric disorders such as ____ and ____.

A

anxiety and bipolar disorder

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13
Q

What are some affective symptoms of mania? (“manic symptoms”)

A
  • elation
  • irritability
  • grandiosity
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14
Q

What are some cognitive symptoms of mania? (“manic symptoms”)

A
  • lack of focus/attention
  • poor judgement
  • flighty/pressured
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15
Q

What are some behavioral symptoms of mania? (“manic symptoms”)

A
  • overactive

- talkative

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16
Q

What are some physiological symptoms of mania? (“manic symptoms”)

A
  • decreased sleep

- high activation

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17
Q

What are some symptoms of depression in adolescents?

A
  • poor school performance
  • withdrawal from friends/activities
  • poor self-esteem
  • forgetfulness
  • lack of energy/motivation
  • overreaction to criticism
  • restless and agitated
  • suicidal thoughts/actions
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18
Q

Anxiety disorders and depression cost the public approximately $__ billion per year?

A

45

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19
Q

By 2020, depression will be 2nd only to ________ as the leading cause of death and disability.

A

cardiovascular disease

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20
Q

The etiology of mood disorders have four primary parts, what are they?

A

Biology, Psychology, Social, Sociocultural

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21
Q

What are the biological etiological markers that could lead to mood disorders?

A

genetics, neurotransmitters, abnormal brain structures

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22
Q

What are the psychological etiological markers that could lead to mood disorders?

A

learned helplessness, inadequate reinforcers, negative thinking, poor separation response

23
Q

What are the social etiological markers that could lead to mood disorders?

A

stress, lack of social support

24
Q

What are the sociocultural etiological markers that could lead to mood disorders?

A

gender, low socioeconomic status, culture

25
Q

Regardless of the trigger, severe depression results in biochemical changes in the brain. True or False?

A

True

26
Q

What is seasonal affective disorder?

A

Seasonal affective disorder is a type of depression that is related to change in seasons. For most people the symptoms usually occur at the same time every year.

27
Q

What seasons are people most likely to undergo seasonal affective disorder?

A

winter or summer

28
Q

How does sunlight play a role in seasonal affective disorder?

A

Sunlight impacts melatonin production in the body.

29
Q

What hormone is critical for biorhythms (sleep cycle)?

A

melatonin

30
Q

What hormone is critical for mood; awake/sleep; libido?

A

serotonin

31
Q

Perception of fitness over actual level of fitness may be more important in mood-enhancing. True or False?

A

True

32
Q

What is an anaerobic exercise? What are some examples of anaerobic exercise that you can do to help reduce stress and increase well-being?

A

Short-term, or short-burst, activities not involving the transportation of oxygen (e.g., weightlifting, baseball)

33
Q

What is an aerobic exercise? What are some examples of aerobic exercise that you can do to help reduce stress and increase well-being?

A

Longer-term activities that increase pulmonary and cardiorespiratory system activity (e.g., cycling, running)

34
Q

Reduction of acute signs of anxiety and depression after exercise occurs regardless of intensity, duration or type of activity. True or False?

A

True

35
Q

How many times per week is exercise recommended?

A

3-5x per week

36
Q

Exercise programs conducted over long periods are associated with moderate gains in _____ functioning.

A

cognitive

37
Q

Acute aerobic exercise increased executive cognitive functioning in _____ and ____ ____.

A

planning and problem solving

38
Q

Acute exercise is no more effective in reducing state anxiety than quiet rest or relaxation, BUT the effects ____ _____.

A

last longer

39
Q

How can you enhance mood via exercise?

A
  • Rhythmic abdominal breathing
  • Rhythmic and repetitive movements
  • Avoid competition
  • Closed, predictable activity
  • Make it FUN
40
Q

What does ACE stand for?

A

adverse childhood experience

41
Q

Why are children more vulnerable to the affects of trauma?

A

Kids are more vulnerable due to limited coping and communication skills, media exposure and insufficient attention focused on them after trauma

42
Q

What is persistent depression also known as?

A

Dysthymia – chronic mild(er) depression

43
Q

What are the characteristics of major depressive disorder?

A

recurrent, singular episodes

44
Q

What are the characteristics of bipolar disorder?

A

cycles of mania or depression

45
Q

What are the characteristics of persistent depressive disorder?

A
  • dysthmia
  • depressed mood that is chronic & continual
  • may be as severe as major depressive disorder
46
Q

What are some of the affective symptoms of depression?

A

sadness, apathy, crying spells, dejection, anxiety, worthlessness

47
Q

What are some of the cognitive symptoms of depression?

A

-pessimism, inability to concentrate, guilt, faulty/negative thinking

48
Q

What are some of the behavioral symptoms of depression?

A

-withdrawal, low energy, neglect appearance, lowered productivity, anhedonia

49
Q

What are some of the physiological symptoms of depression?

A
  • appetite and weight change
  • change in sexual drive
  • sleep disturbance
50
Q

Briefly describe the etiology of mood disorders and provide one example of each.

A

Biology (genetics)
Psychology (negative thinking)
Social (stress)
Sociocultural (gender)

51
Q

When can seasonal affective disorder occur and why?

A

Winter or Summer; sunlight affects melatonin levels in our body.

52
Q

Identify 2 of the five factors that put someone at increased risk for depression.

A

substance use, family history, major loss or trauma, perfectionist personality, previous depression

53
Q

Provide one symptom in each of the 4 domains for mania and depression.

A

Mania (elation, flighty, talkative, decreased sleep)

Depression (sadness, pessimism, withdrawal, low libido)

KINS366 (7 decks)

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