Anxiety Flashcards
How many types of anxiety disorders are recognized by the DSM?
5; Panic Disorder, Phobias, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
What are the 2 major elements of OCD?
Obsessive thoughts, Compulsive behaviors
What are the three manifestations of social anxiety disorder among children?
School refusal, Separation anxiety disorder, Selective Mutism
Incidences of PTSD and suicide are at an all time high. True or False
True
Approximately what percentage of Soldiers/Veterans/Service Members returning from active duty have been diagnosed with PTSD?
13-25%
10-25% of the U.S. population deals with PTSD. True or False
True
What is the leading cause of PTSD?
Sexual Assault
Natural disasters are more likely to cause PTSD than violent events. True or False.
False
Selective mutism cannot be diagnosed under which two conditions?
The diagnosis is not based on the first month in new school or other social settings; not if the individual lacks knowledge about the language, is comfortable with the language
Anxiety disorders and depression cost the public approximately $__ billion per year?
45
Exercise has similar effects as anxiety medications in cases of chronic stress. True or False?
False.
Exercise has similar effects to anxiety medications during acute stress.
What are some of the acute effects of exercise on anxiety?
- lower state anxiety
- returns within 24 hours
- improved planning and problem solving
What are some of the chronic effects of exercise on anxiety?
- overall increased mental health
- reduce of stress emotions
- increased cognitive functioning
Are anxiety and fear the same thing?
No
What is anxiety?
persistent, overwhelming sense of dread, worry, or apprehension; “anticipatory”
What is fear?
in the moment reaction, when you are experiencing the stressor
How does anxiety affect peoples lives?
- interferes with daily activities
- often accompanied by panic attacks (usually physical symptoms, sudden onset)
- biological and environmental causes
A panic attack is the abrupt onset of extreme anxiety (10 min peak) and it includes at least four symptoms. What could those symptoms be?
palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, loss of control, nausea, need to escape, fear of dying, fear of imminent danger
What are panic disorders often comorbid with? Why?
Agoraphobia. WHY?
Approximately ____% of the US population will be diagnosed with anxiety at some time in their life.
20%
Anxiety disorders are typically diagnosed as a comorbidity with ______ or more than one anxiety disorder.
depression
What is a phobia?
Intense, irrational worry/anxiety of a specific object or situation
How long does someone have to experience symptoms of a phobia in order for it to be diagnosed as a phobia?
6 months or longer and it has to interfere with daily routines
What are some of the symptoms of phobias?
- persistant fear of object or situation
- exposure produces intense fear or panic
- avoid feared object or situation
- anxiety ends when not in presence
What is social anxiety disorder?
-intense worry or apprehension about social or evaluative situations
What can social anxiety disorder result in?
- anticipatory anxiety
- panic attack
- avoidance behavior
There is a difference between shyness and social anxiety disorder. True or False?
True
In children, when does social anxiety disorder typically peak?
adolescence (although it can persist into adulthood)
(Median age is 13yo for onset – could be considered model students (don’t talk out of turn or raise hands) – they’re at high risk for long-term issues and using alcohol and other substances to cope)
What are common triggers of social anxiety disorder in children?
- conversations
- unstructured peer activities (recess, lunch)
- performing in front of others
- speaking up in class
What are three common manifestations of social anxiety disorder in children?
- school refusal/avoidance
- separation anxiety
- selective mutism
Explain school refusal/avoidance.
2-5% of school aged children; symptom of a deeper issue
Explain separation anxiety disorder.
4% of kids experience between 7-9 years old; developmentally inappropriate fear of separation from home or caregiver
Explain selective mutism.
A persistent failure to speak in situations in which speaking is expected, e.g. school and social situations; individual does speak in other situations; diagnosis is not based on the first month in a new school or other social settings; debilitating shyness/silence; very infrequent but significant
How is the amygdala involved in social phobias?
There is some evidence that the amygdala, a brain structure involved in the mediation of fear and anxiety, responds more strongly to novel faces.
Social phobias are most likely learned. True or False?
True
With a social anxiety disorder, a person may fear appearing incompetent, weak, or stupid. True or False?
True
What are some ways that distress may show in children with separation anxiety disorder?
anxiety about getting lost; loss of the attachment figure; fear of being taken away or getting kidnapped
A child with separation anxiety disorder might experience nightmares or physical symptoms but they will always go to school True or False?
False
Associated with these fears a person with this disorder may: experience nightmares or physical symptoms; refuse to go to work or school
What is the duration of time required for a diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder?
Symptoms must last at least 4 weeks in children, and 6 months or more in adults
What is an obsession?
recurrent or persistent thoughts or imagined experience that cause anxiety.
What is a compulsion?
actions one feels compelled to engage in to reduce the anxiety; the individual may be aware that the compulsions are irrational but cannot control them
Given the following obsession: fear of being contaminated by dirt, germs, or bacteria; what could be some of the associated compulsions?
Obsession: fear of being contaminated by dirt, germs, or bacteria
Compulsion: excessive hand washing, body washing, or cleaning
Given the following compulsion: engaging in slow, complex, time-consuming rituals revolving around organization and control; what could be the associated obsession?
Obsession: fear of losing control and hurting oneself or others.
Compulsion: engaging in slow, complex, time-consuming rituals revolving around organization and control
Given the following obsession: feeling of having forgotten to do something important (lock the door or turn off the oven);what could be some of the associated compulsions?
Obsession: feeling of having forgotten to do something important (lock the door or turn off the oven).
Compulsion: repeatedly checking whether you have done the thing in question e.g., checking the door 100 times to make sure it is locked.
What is BDD?
Body dysmorphic disorder; A preoccupation with a perceived defect in one’s appearance (imaginary or slight)
What two disorders are commonly related to OCD?
BDD and Hoarding
What is obsessive compulsive disorder?
type of anxiety disorder that includes recurring thoughts, impulses, behaviors that are intrusive or inappropriate and cause anxiety; involves obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors
How is generalized anxiety disorder characterized?
GAD is characterized by chronic and general worry and apprehension about a broad variety of events, activities, or situations; intensity, duration and frequency are disproportionate to the issue
GAD affects approximately ___ million American adults.
GAD affects approx. 4 million American adults.
Women are __x as likely to have GAD.
Women are 2x as likely to have GAD.
People with GAD have a constant state of anxiety which may interfere with sleep and daily life functions. True or False?
True.
In children, GAD most often occurs in 6-11 year olds; what are some of the common causes?
Grades; Athletic performance; Punctuality; Family; Natural disasters; Terrorist Events (9/11); Health
What are some symptoms of PTSD?
- Reliving/re-experiencing the event (dreams/nightmare)
- Avoidance behaviors
- Detachment and “numbness”
- Hypersensitivity (insomnia, anxiety, hypervigilance, irritability, anger)
