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KINS366 > Anxiety > Flashcards

Anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

How many types of anxiety disorders are recognized by the DSM?

A

5; Panic Disorder, Phobias, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

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2
Q

What are the 2 major elements of OCD?

A

Obsessive thoughts, Compulsive behaviors

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3
Q

What are the three manifestations of social anxiety disorder among children?

A

School refusal, Separation anxiety disorder, Selective Mutism

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4
Q

Incidences of PTSD and suicide are at an all time high. True or False

A

True

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5
Q

Approximately what percentage of Soldiers/Veterans/Service Members returning from active duty have been diagnosed with PTSD?

A

13-25%

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6
Q

10-25% of the U.S. population deals with PTSD. True or False

A

True

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7
Q

What is the leading cause of PTSD?

A

Sexual Assault

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8
Q

Natural disasters are more likely to cause PTSD than violent events. True or False.

A

False

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9
Q

Selective mutism cannot be diagnosed under which two conditions?

A

The diagnosis is not based on the first month in new school or other social settings; not if the individual lacks knowledge about the language, is comfortable with the language

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10
Q

Anxiety disorders and depression cost the public approximately $__ billion per year?

A

45

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11
Q

Exercise has similar effects as anxiety medications in cases of chronic stress. True or False?

A

False.

Exercise has similar effects to anxiety medications during acute stress.

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12
Q

What are some of the acute effects of exercise on anxiety?

A
  • lower state anxiety
  • returns within 24 hours
  • improved planning and problem solving
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13
Q

What are some of the chronic effects of exercise on anxiety?

A
  • overall increased mental health
  • reduce of stress emotions
  • increased cognitive functioning
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14
Q

Are anxiety and fear the same thing?

A

No

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15
Q

What is anxiety?

A

persistent, overwhelming sense of dread, worry, or apprehension; “anticipatory”

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16
Q

What is fear?

A

in the moment reaction, when you are experiencing the stressor

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17
Q

How does anxiety affect peoples lives?

A
  • interferes with daily activities
  • often accompanied by panic attacks (usually physical symptoms, sudden onset)
  • biological and environmental causes
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18
Q

A panic attack is the abrupt onset of extreme anxiety (10 min peak) and it includes at least four symptoms. What could those symptoms be?

A

palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, loss of control, nausea, need to escape, fear of dying, fear of imminent danger

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19
Q

What are panic disorders often comorbid with? Why?

A

Agoraphobia. WHY?

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20
Q

Approximately ____% of the US population will be diagnosed with anxiety at some time in their life.

A

20%

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21
Q

Anxiety disorders are typically diagnosed as a comorbidity with ______ or more than one anxiety disorder.

A

depression

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22
Q

What is a phobia?

A

Intense, irrational worry/anxiety of a specific object or situation

23
Q

How long does someone have to experience symptoms of a phobia in order for it to be diagnosed as a phobia?

A

6 months or longer and it has to interfere with daily routines

24
Q

What are some of the symptoms of phobias?

A
  • persistant fear of object or situation
  • exposure produces intense fear or panic
  • avoid feared object or situation
  • anxiety ends when not in presence
25
Q

What is social anxiety disorder?

A

-intense worry or apprehension about social or evaluative situations

26
Q

What can social anxiety disorder result in?

A
  • anticipatory anxiety
  • panic attack
  • avoidance behavior
27
Q

There is a difference between shyness and social anxiety disorder. True or False?

A

True

28
Q

In children, when does social anxiety disorder typically peak?

A

adolescence (although it can persist into adulthood)

(Median age is 13yo for onset – could be considered model students (don’t talk out of turn or raise hands) – they’re at high risk for long-term issues and using alcohol and other substances to cope)

29
Q

What are common triggers of social anxiety disorder in children?

A
  • conversations
  • unstructured peer activities (recess, lunch)
  • performing in front of others
  • speaking up in class
30
Q

What are three common manifestations of social anxiety disorder in children?

A
  • school refusal/avoidance
  • separation anxiety
  • selective mutism
31
Q

Explain school refusal/avoidance.

A

2-5% of school aged children; symptom of a deeper issue

32
Q

Explain separation anxiety disorder.

A

4% of kids experience between 7-9 years old; developmentally inappropriate fear of separation from home or caregiver

33
Q

Explain selective mutism.

A

A persistent failure to speak in situations in which speaking is expected, e.g. school and social situations; individual does speak in other situations; diagnosis is not based on the first month in a new school or other social settings; debilitating shyness/silence; very infrequent but significant

34
Q

How is the amygdala involved in social phobias?

A

There is some evidence that the amygdala, a brain structure involved in the mediation of fear and anxiety, responds more strongly to novel faces.

35
Q

Social phobias are most likely learned. True or False?

A

True

36
Q

With a social anxiety disorder, a person may fear appearing incompetent, weak, or stupid. True or False?

A

True

37
Q

What are some ways that distress may show in children with separation anxiety disorder?

A

anxiety about getting lost; loss of the attachment figure; fear of being taken away or getting kidnapped

38
Q

A child with separation anxiety disorder might experience nightmares or physical symptoms but they will always go to school True or False?

A

False

Associated with these fears a person with this disorder may: experience nightmares or physical symptoms; refuse to go to work or school

39
Q

What is the duration of time required for a diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder?

A

Symptoms must last at least 4 weeks in children, and 6 months or more in adults

40
Q

What is an obsession?

A

recurrent or persistent thoughts or imagined experience that cause anxiety.

41
Q

What is a compulsion?

A

actions one feels compelled to engage in to reduce the anxiety; the individual may be aware that the compulsions are irrational but cannot control them

42
Q

Given the following obsession: fear of being contaminated by dirt, germs, or bacteria; what could be some of the associated compulsions?

A

Obsession: fear of being contaminated by dirt, germs, or bacteria

Compulsion: excessive hand washing, body washing, or cleaning

43
Q

Given the following compulsion: engaging in slow, complex, time-consuming rituals revolving around organization and control; what could be the associated obsession?

A

Obsession: fear of losing control and hurting oneself or others.

Compulsion: engaging in slow, complex, time-consuming rituals revolving around organization and control

44
Q

Given the following obsession: feeling of having forgotten to do something important (lock the door or turn off the oven);what could be some of the associated compulsions?

A

Obsession: feeling of having forgotten to do something important (lock the door or turn off the oven).

Compulsion: repeatedly checking whether you have done the thing in question e.g., checking the door 100 times to make sure it is locked.

45
Q

What is BDD?

A

Body dysmorphic disorder; A preoccupation with a perceived defect in one’s appearance (imaginary or slight)

46
Q

What two disorders are commonly related to OCD?

A

BDD and Hoarding

47
Q

What is obsessive compulsive disorder?

A

type of anxiety disorder that includes recurring thoughts, impulses, behaviors that are intrusive or inappropriate and cause anxiety; involves obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors

48
Q

How is generalized anxiety disorder characterized?

A

GAD is characterized by chronic and general worry and apprehension about a broad variety of events, activities, or situations; intensity, duration and frequency are disproportionate to the issue

49
Q

GAD affects approximately ___ million American adults.

A

GAD affects approx. 4 million American adults.

50
Q

Women are __x as likely to have GAD.

A

Women are 2x as likely to have GAD.

51
Q

People with GAD have a constant state of anxiety which may interfere with sleep and daily life functions. True or False?

A

True.

52
Q

In children, GAD most often occurs in 6-11 year olds; what are some of the common causes?

A

Grades; Athletic performance; Punctuality; Family; Natural disasters; Terrorist Events (9/11); Health

53
Q

What are some symptoms of PTSD?

A
  • Reliving/re-experiencing the event (dreams/nightmare)
  • Avoidance behaviors
  • Detachment and “numbness”
  • Hypersensitivity (insomnia, anxiety, hypervigilance, irritability, anger)

KINS366 (7 decks)

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