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Care And Injury > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothermia

A

decreased body temp cold illness Combination or cold windy and damp conditions

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2
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Increased body temp

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3
Q

Hypothermia danger zone

A

Core temp between77-85 degrees equal death

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4
Q

Hyperthermia danger zone

A

Core body temp above 104 equal death

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5
Q

Hydration. In cold

A

Replace fluids as much as if working out in the heat

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6
Q

Dehydration

A

reduces blood volume equals less fluid to warm tissue

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7
Q

Signs of frostnip

A

Involves ears nose cheeks fingers and toes

Skin appears firm with cold painless areas

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8
Q

Symptoms of frost nip

A

May peel or blister within 24-72 hours

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9
Q

How to treat frostnip

A

Treat with firm pressure no rubbing blowing hot air on the spot

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10
Q

Signs of superfical frostbite symptoms

A

Superficial skin and subcutaneous tissue

Pale hard cold and waxy With rewarming skin will feel numb then sting then burn may produce painful blisters

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11
Q

Deep frostbite

A

Serious injury frozen tissue
Medical emergency immediate hospitalization
Rapid rewarming required hot drinks hot pads and blankets
With rewarming skin looks blotchy red swollen and very painful
Can become gangrenous if not treated

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12
Q

Preventing heat illness

A 
Use common sense and caution
Fluid replacement
Unrestricted replacement
Replace fluids every 15 min
Fluid replacement equal sweat loss
Clear urine
Acclimatization
Minimum of 10-14 days
ID susceptible individuals
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13
Q

Flash to bang theory

A

Estimation of how far lightning is
Time lighting is sighted count number of seconds until bang is heard divide by 5 miles away the storm is
30 count 6 miles away inherent danger monitor conditions 15 count 3 miles leave field immediatly seek shelter
30 min should pass from last strikebefore returning

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14
Q

Conduction

A

direct contact with cooler object ex ice towel

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15
Q

Convection

A

Contact witht cooler air or water mass ex wind

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16
Q

Radiation

A

Heat generated from metabolism of object

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17
Q

Evaporation

A

Sweat evaporation from skin surface

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18
Q

Heat stress

A

Evaporation impaired when humidity reaches 65 percent and stops at 75

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19
Q

Prevention of hypothermia

A

Proper apparel thin layers that can easily be removed or added
Warm up suits wornduring breaks

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20
Q

Acute injury is

A

traumatic sudden and onset

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21
Q

chronic injury is

A

overuse gradual

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22
Q

Sprain

A

injury to ligament connective tissue behind bones

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23
Q

sprain occurs when

A

joint is forced beyond normal limits or planes of movement

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24
Q

fractures occur as

A

a result of stresses and strains placed on bones

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25
Q

signs and symptoms of fractures

A

deformity tenderness swelling pain on movement crepitus

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26
Q

open fracture

A

open displacement of bone end through tissue skin increases infection

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27
Q

closed fracture

A

little or no movement of broken bone

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28
Q

greenstick

A

incomplete break in bones that havent completely formed common in children

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29
Q

transverse

A

straight line at right angle to bone direct outside blow to body bending force

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30
Q

spiral

A

twisting force foot planted and body is suddenly rotated s shaped

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31
Q

comminuted

A

3 or more fragements of bones hard blow or fall in akward position requries surgery

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32
Q

linear

A

bone splits along length jumping and landing from height

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33
Q

oblique

A

axial compression bending and torsion forces on one end while the other end is stabalized

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34
Q

stress fracture

A

overuse injury weight bearing mostly in foot and leg pain usually a dule ache and worsens doesnt show up on xray til healing

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35
Q

dislocation

A

1 bone in joint is forced out of its normal and proper alignment must be manually surgically reduced put back in place shoulder elbow fingers

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36
Q

sublixations

A

comes partially out of alignments then goes back on its own

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37
Q

1st time dislocation treated as

A

possible fracture

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38
Q

myositis ossificans

A

repeated bruises or truama to same area calcium deposits form impair movement most often in bicep and quads

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39
Q

muscle cramps

A

painful involuntary muscle contraction occurs most often in calf ab and hammies

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40
Q

acute onset soreness

A

accompanies fatigue occurs during and immediatly after exercise

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41
Q

doms

A

delayed onset muscle soreness appaear about 12 hours later becomes most intense 24-48 hours later symtom free withing 3-4 days ice and stretching

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42
Q

nerve injuries

A

involve compression or tension

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43
Q

contusion briuse

A

blow from some external object causes soft tissue to be compressed against bone capillaries return causeing bleeding into tissue

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44
Q

3 grades of severity sprain and strains

A

mild moderate severe pain swelling instability stiffness rom

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45
Q

mild

A

normally return to play

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46
Q

moderate

A

divot felt

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47
Q

severe

A

total tearing initial pain followed by no pain

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48
Q

hypoesthesia

A

diminished sense of feeling

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49
Q

hyperesthesia

A

increased sense of feeling

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50
Q

paresthesia

A

numbness prickling tingling

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51
Q

neuritis

A

chronic nerve problem repeated forces

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52
Q

chronic tendinitis

A

inflammation of tendon pain on movement swelling crepitus warmth

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53
Q

treatment of tendinitis

A

rest alternative activites

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54
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of tendon and synovial sheath surrounding it

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55
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of bursa small fluid filled sac acts as lubricant pain in the area restricted movement

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56
Q

bursitis areas

A

subcromial prepatellar top of knee cap and olecranon tip of elbow most often affected

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57
Q

strain is

A

tendon injury

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58
Q

sprain is

A

ligament

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59
Q

dbt and wbt

A

measured using a psychometer

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60
Q

weight before and after

A

loss of 3-5 percent of body weight equalts health threat

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61
Q

what is a microorganism

A

present in human blood and bodily fluid

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62
Q

what is a bloodborne pathogen

A

microorganism that causes disease

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63
Q

blood borne pathogens

A

hepatitis b c hiv

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64
Q

higher chance of spreading

A

hepatits b and c

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65
Q

hepatitis b spread

A

through sharp objects open wounds body fluids

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66
Q

signs and symptoms hepatitis b

A

swelling soreness loss of normal liver function sign flu like symptoms fatigue weakness nausea headaches fever jaundice

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67
Q

hbv

A

can go undetected

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68
Q

prevention of hbv

A

personal hygiene avoid high risk activites vaccine

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69
Q

which virus has a vaccine

A

hepatitis b

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70
Q

hepatitis c

A

most common bloodborne pathogen spread by contact with blood of infected person

71
Q

signs and symptoms of hcv

A

jaundice dark urine abdominal pain loss of appetite nausea fatigue muscle or joint pain

72
Q

hcv prevention

A

follow routine barrier precautions safely handle needles and soft objects

73
Q

hiv

A

family of viruses that invade normal healthy cells destorys immune system

74
Q

hiv transmitted by

A

exposure to infected persons blood or bodily fluids

75
Q

signs and symptoms of hiv

A

fatigue weight loss muscle or joint pain painful or swollen glands night sweats fever

76
Q

hiv gives you a high chance

A

of developing aids

77
Q

prevention

A

understand consequences of certain behaviors make educated safe choices management

78
Q

americans with disabilitys act

A

athlete with hiv cant be discriminated against

79
Q

Heat syncope

A

Heat collapse
Rapid physical fatigue during exposure to heat
Pooling of blood in extremities dizziness fainting nausea
Treatment
Laying athlete down in cool environment
Replacing fluids

80
Q

Heat cramps

A

Excessive loss of water and electrolytes
Overexertion in the heat
Treatment replace fluids wnd mild stretchign with ice massage

81
Q

Heat exhaustion

A

Inadequate replacement of fluids and nutrition lost through sweating
Poor conditioned athletes not used to heat
Signs and symptoms
Collapses profuse sweating pale skin elevated core body temp 102
Dizziness hyperventilation rapid pulse decrease in function
Treatment
Hydrate cool enivonment ice towels iv replacement lf fluids

82
Q

Heat stroke

A

Medical emergency most sever
Breakdown of thermoregulatory mechanisms body cant dissipate jeat through sweating
Signs and symptoms
Sudden collapse loss of consciouness flushed hot dry skin less sweating shallow breathing rapid strongmpulse core temp 104 or higher
Treatment lower temp to normal ranges within 45 minutes reduces chances of death transport to hospital
Cool environment remove clothing immerse athlete in ice water ice bags ice towels sponges in armpits groin and neck

83
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Fluid intake exceeds fluid loss
Abnormally low sodium levels
Signs and symptoms
Progressivly eorsening headache nausea vomiting swelling of hands and feet lethargy apathy agitation
Treatments
Delay rehydration transport to hospital iv solutions of sodium
Low sodium csn compromise cns and become life threatening

84
Q

Osha guidelines

A

All open skin wounds must be covered prior to practice or game
Athlete with active bleeding must be removed from participation
Uniforms must be cleans and or changed before returning to play
Personal protective equipment
Disposable gloves gowns aprons
Masks sheilds eye protection
Wash hands and skin surfaces that came in contact with blood
Immediately with soap andwater or antigermicide
Proper receptacles with biohazard warning labels
Designated container for sharps disposal
Leak proof puncture resistant

85
Q

How to disinfect a counter

A

Designated container for sharps disposal
Leak proof puncture resistant
Disinfectants bleach antiseptics
Contaminated surfaces cleaned with 1 partbleach to 10 parts water or with approved disinfectant

86
Q

How to clean laundry

A

Towels and clothing should be seperated from other laundry
Hot water with detergent that deactivates virus
Gloves should be worn while handling laundry
Caring for skin wounds

87
Q

Abrasion

A

skin scraped against rough surface exposes capillaries

88
Q

lacerations

A

sharp or pointed object tears the tissue jagged edges

89
Q

incisions

A

blow has been delivered over sharp bone smooth edges

90
Q

puncture wounds

A

direct penetration by pointed object hospital immediatly

91
Q

avulsion

A

wounds skin is torn away from body associated with major bleeding

92
Q

consider wounds to be

A

contaminated

93
Q

wounds must be

A

cleaned medicated and dressed

94
Q

wounds cleaned with

A

soap and water or sterile saline solution to clean initially

95
Q

clean from

A

inside to outside

96
Q

after cleaned

A

sterile dressing with topical antibiotic should be used

97
Q

signs of wound infection

A

pain heat redness swelling disordered function pus accumulation fever

98
Q

tetanus

A

bacterial infection causes fever and convulsions tetnus booster every 10 years

99
Q

responsible for design and implementation of rehab program

A

athletic trainer or physical therapist

100
Q

long term goal

A

return injured athlete to practice competition as quickly and as safely as possible

101
Q

two main goals of rehab program

A

prevent deconditioning rehab the injured area

102
Q

atcisit

A

avoid aggravation timeing compliance individualization specific sequencing intensity total patient

103
Q

avoid aggravation

A

know how body responds to injury know which exercise to use

104
Q

timeing

A

longer it takes to begin the longer it takes to recover follow protocol of physican

105
Q

compliance

A

inform patient of what is to be expected of them set up a regular schedule hold them accountable

106
Q

individualization

A

each person responds differently psychological and physical differences set goals make it fun

107
Q

specific sequencing

A

determined by bodies specific physiological response to healing follow protocol control swelling pain from strength

108
Q

intensity

A

must be challenging while not aggravating be creative very exercises

109
Q

total patient

A

maintain rom and strength in uninvolved areas maintain cv fitness and endurance maintain balance

110
Q

provide

A

immediate 1st aid to manage swelling most critical part

111
Q

price principle

A

pressure rest ice compression elevation

112
Q

priority rehab plan

A

restore muscle strength endurance and power

113
Q

must have full rom

A

without pain before beginning

114
Q

increase

A

endurance first restablish neauromuscular control

115
Q

maintain

A

cv fitness

116
Q

appropriate functional

A

progression gradually progresive activites designed to prepare athletes for return to sport

117
Q

must be cleared by

A

team physician

118
Q

any question between heat nad ice use

A

ice

119
Q

cryotherapy

A

combination of cold and exercise

120
Q

first 72 hours

A

minimize pain and swelling

121
Q

thermotherapy

A

combination of heat and exercise increase blood flow use when there is little chance of swelling discoloration is fading

122
Q

manual therapy

A

stretching massaging gliding compression stretching percussion vibrating traction

123
Q

electric therapy

A

ultrasound

124
Q

did anyone buy dons alcohol

A

psychological concerns

125
Q

dabda

A

denial anger bargaining depression acceptance

126
Q

denial

A

athletes think they can plan

127
Q

anger

A

listen to what they have to say prevent further injury

128
Q

bargaininG

A

stand your ground

129
Q

depression

A

athlete lacks compliance feels isolated from team

130
Q

life threatening emergenices can occur

A

at anytime of the year during a sporting event

131
Q

emergency action plan

A

a prearranged plan that can be implemented on a moments notice

132
Q

seperate plans should be developed

A

for each facility

133
Q

outline

A

personal and role emergency team

134
Q

identify

A

necessary equipment

135
Q

avalibilty of

A

phones and access to 911

136
Q

procedure for activating ems

A

maps and directions procedue procedure for documenting medical emergency

137
Q

immediate

A

care of the athlete

138
Q

retrieval

A

of emergency equipment

139
Q

activation

A

of ems and direct them

140
Q

supplies at venue

A

spine board cervical collar face mask removal tool cpr masks vaccum splints crutches bloodborn pathogen kit AED emergency oxygen

141
Q

caller of ems must relay

A

name of caller type of emergency present condition current care location of phone location of emergency

142
Q

gate must be

A

easily accessible and keys avalible

143
Q

someone should

A

accomany athlete to hospital

144
Q

notify parents

A

if athlete is a minor should try to obtain consent from parents

145
Q

primary survey

A

athletic trainer must be able to triage injuries

146
Q

abcs

A

airway breathing circulation shock and severe bleeding

147
Q

secondary survey

A

performed once life threatening condition ruled out

148
Q

gather specific

A

information about the injry

149
Q

asses

A

vitals and perform more detailed evalution

150
Q

unconcious athlete

A

assume the worst

151
Q

if prone and not breathing

A

log roll

152
Q

obsctruced airway management

A

heimlich maneuver

153
Q

use during primary survey

A

abcs

154
Q

shock normally occurs during

A

bleeding fracture intenral injuries

155
Q

decrease in

A

blood avalible to circulatory system movement of blood cells slows oxygen transport

156
Q

signs of shock

A

most pale cold clamy skin weak rapid pulse shallow respiration decrease in blood pressure urinary retention fecal incontinence excitement and thirst

157
Q

management

A

maintain core temp elevate feet and legs 8-12 inches above heart keep athlete calm limit onlookers

158
Q

emergency splinting

A

always splint before you move them improper splinting could increase injury

159
Q

splint

A

one joint above and below

160
Q

ems should be contacted

A

if spine boarding is requried

161
Q

maintain

A

head and neck alignment

162
Q

one person responsible

A

for head and neck hand position goes to where u end up and not starting

163
Q

manual conveyance

A

used to move mildly injured athlete a greater distance than could be walked carrying athlete

164
Q

ambulatory aid

A

can stand sort of bear weight just there to help them

165
Q

stretcher carrying

A

best and safest mode of transportation

166
Q

crutch base should fall

A

one inch below anterior fold of armpit

167
Q

venous

A

dark red with continous flow

168
Q

capillary

A

exides from tissue and is redish

169
Q

arterial

A

flows in spurts and is bright red life threatning

170
Q

firm pressure

A

hand and sterile gauze placed directly over site

171
Q

elevation

A

reduces hydrostatic pressure and facilitates venous and lymphatic drainage slows bleeding

172
Q

pressure point

A

11 points in body direct pressure is applied to slow bleeding

173
Q

internal hemorrage

A

can occur beneath skin bruise or contusion intramuscularity or in joint with little danger

Care And Injury (6 decks)

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