Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Zoology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

size for prokaryotes

A

small compared to eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

size for eukaryotes

A

bigger compared to prokaryotes 100 micrometers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

genetic material for prokaryotes

A

single, circular chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

genetic material for eukaryotes

A

multiple linear chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nature of cell division for prokaryotes

A

binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nature of cell division for eukaryotes

A

mitosis and meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

internal compartmentalization for prokaryotes

A

no membrane bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

internal compartmentalization for eukaryotes

A

contains membrane bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

structure of flagellae for eukaryotes

A

9+2 flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cell wall structure of prokaryotes

A

peptidoglycan cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cell wall structure of eukaryotes

A

cellulose/chitin/silica cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

presence or absence of cytoskeleton in prokaryotes

A

absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

presence or absence of cytoskeleton in eukaryotes

A

present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

structure of cilia or flagella

A

long, rod like structure that is an extension of the body. connected to basal body
9 double microtubules surround 2 single microtubules
cilia are just shorter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why is protista no longer recognized as formal taxonomic group

A

contains classifications of plant, fungi and animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

excavata general features

A

feeding groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

chromalveolata

A

corticle aveoli

sac like structure near membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

three types of motility

A

cilia/ flagella
cell extension
cell flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cilia/flagella motility description

A

membrane bound cell exntensions

beat, whip around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cell extensions motility

A

cell spits something out with force

not membrane bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cell flow motility

A

pseudopodia
part of cell membrane
change in cell shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

types of pseudopodia

A 
lobopodia
axopodia
filipodia
reticulopodia
rhizopodia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

lobopodia

A

rounded

crawl movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

axopodia

A

pointy

increase surface area or defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

rhizopodia

A

extensions like hand

attachment to prey or surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

filopodia

A

rounded point

increased resistance to descent in a water column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

reticulopodia

A

rounded with netting

capturing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

pellicle

A

membrane associated proteins

protection and allowing them to maintain shape, more hydrodynamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

how are pellicles in apicomplexa

A

in packed vesicles called aveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how are pellicles in euglenoids

A

protein strips aligned spirally along body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

axostyle

A

stiffened rod made of microtubules extends along longitudinal axis of body
endoskeletal framework, locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

mixotrophic

A

uses both autotroph and heterotroph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

function of apical complex

A

host cell penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

kinetoplast

A

modified mitochondria with condensed DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

conjugation and micronucleus in paramecium

A

cells exchange micro nuclei
meiosis of two nuclei when 4 in each cell present, exchange of one nuclei to other cell while other 2 nuclei in cell desentegrate
causes two micronuclei with shared dna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is the cell wall like of dinoflagellate

A

cell wall composed of separate cellulosic “plates” known as theca that lie just with in cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

how many flagella in dinoflagellate/dinophyta

A

2

oriented perpendicular to each other and beat with in 2 grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

significance of zooxanthellae and various toxins produced by dinoflagellate

A

store starch
live in tissues of various invertebrate including corals and molluscs
provide food for invertebrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

structure of radiolarian

A

silicieous skeleton provides fossil
endoplasm is capsule
outer ectoplasm is calymma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

difference between shell of radiolaria and foraminiferan

A

radiolaria has silicieous

foraminiferan has silicieous or calcium carbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

general features of porifera

A 
radial or asymmetrical symmetry
mostly marine
filter and suspension feeders
polyp or medusa
no organs or organ systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

asconoid

A

basic filter, open cavity

choanocyte line inside the filter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

syconoid

A

chambers, choanocyte line chambers not inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

leuconoid

A

most complex, best filter due to most surface area absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

amoebocytes

A

redistribute nutrients

found under choanocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

archeocytes

A

create skeletal elements for sponge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

skeletal elements found in sponge created by archeocytes

A

collenocyte, sclerocyte, and spongeocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

choanocytes

A

capture food, filter food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

pinacocytes

A

covering cell, epidermal cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

porocytes

A

control size of opening

monitor and adjust size of dermal ostia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

filter feeding process and digestion in porifera

A

the flagella on choanocyte whizes water through reticulopodia into choanocyte
amoebocyte takes nutrients from choanocyte to other areas of the sponge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

sclerocyte produces

A

spicuoles

53
Q

collenocyte produces

A

collagen protein

54
Q

spongocyte produces

A

spongin protein

55
Q

syncitium/coenocyte

A

multinucleus
considered acellular
nuclei is not separated by membranes

56
Q

mesohyl

A

gelatinous matrix

57
Q

where is mesohyl found

A

right outside of epidermal layer of pinocytes

58
Q

reproductive process in poriferans

A

gamete producing cells produce both male and female
gametes released in spongocoel and out of osculum where they are fertalized outside of sponge
zygote then settles on substrate

59
Q

how many species of cnidarians

A

over 9000

60
Q

where do cnidarians live

A

mostly marine few aquatic

61
Q

where would you find cnidarians

A

tropics and subtropics

where most diverse

62
Q

what is benthic

A

attached to bottom

63
Q

what is pelagic

A

in water column

64
Q

what are the classes of cnidarians

A

hydrozoa, anthozoa, scyphozoa and cubozoa

65
Q

what type of life cycle do cnidarians have

A

dimorphic

66
Q

what type of reproduction does cnidarians have

A

asexual and sexual

67
Q

motile is

A

medusa

68
Q

sessile is

A

polyp

69
Q

what are the two distinct tissue types in cnidarians

A

gastrodermis and epidermis

70
Q

what is the mesoglea

A

non cellular layer that is gelatinous matrix

71
Q

what type of symmetry do cnidarians have

A

radial/ wagon wheel

72
Q

what are the two types of tissue

A

simple and complex

73
Q

what type of cells are in a hydra

A

secretory cells are located in the gvc

74
Q

what is connected to secretory cells

A

cilia

75
Q

what is the function of secretory cells

A

digest components imported into cell, then send them back out into gvc to export them

76
Q

function of cilia on secretory cell

A

move water in gvc with digested components for absorption and secretion

77
Q

what is being diffused into and out of the gvc

A

water

78
Q

what cells are located on outside of cnidarian

A

epidermal, epitheliomuscular cell, embryonic stem cell and cnidocyte

79
Q

function of epitheliomuscular

A

cell that creates movement for jelly fish

80
Q

function of cnidocyte

A

holds nematocyst, capture prey

81
Q

function of embryonic stem cell

A

tissue repair and cell replacement

82
Q

what will you find between epidermal and gastrovascular in cnidarians

A

diffuse nerve net

83
Q

how does the diffuse nerve net work

A

there is sensory which detects stimuli, and there is effector neurons that cause response

84
Q

what cells are involved for prey capture in cnidarians

A

cnidocytes

85
Q

three functions of cnidocytes

A

used for injection of neuro toxins, entanglement of prey, and attachment

86
Q

triggering mechanism of nematocyst

A

physical contact triggers
everything coiled into cnidocyte
water rushes in, causes pressure
structure everts and then spits out allowing to anchor into orey

87
Q

do cnidarians have muscles

A

no

88
Q

how do cnidarians move

A

epitheliomuscular cell
contains proteins that allow cell shape to change
the cell pushes against gvc fulid causing movement

89
Q

what proteins are used in epitheliomuscular cell for movement

A

dinein and kinesin

90
Q

when longitudinal muscles contract

A

circular relax

short and wide

91
Q

when circular muscles contract

A

longitudinal relax

long and skinny

92
Q

which protistas have pellicles

A

Euglenida, kinetoplastida, trypanosomatidea

93
Q

loss of mitochondria

A

retortamonada, axostylata

94
Q

axostyle

A

axostylata

95
Q

paramylon

A

euglenida

96
Q

kinetoplast

A

kinetoplastida and trypanosomatidea

97
Q

amoeboid

A

foraminifera, radiozoa

98
Q

calcium carbonate shell/testate

A

foraminifera

99
Q

silica skeleton, capsule and calymma

A

radiozoa

100
Q

cortical alveoli

A

ciliophora, dinophyta, apicomplexa

101
Q

micro/ macro nuclei

A

ciliophora

102
Q

submembrane system

A

ciliophora

103
Q

pellicle and cilia

A

ciliophora

104
Q

biflagellate

A

dinophyta

105
Q

auto and heterotrophic

A

dinophyta

106
Q

zooxanthellae

A

dinophyta

107
Q

parasitic

A

apicomplexa

108
Q

apical complex

A

apicomplexa

109
Q

protista parasites

A

giardia, trichomonas, trypanosoma, leishmania, toxoplasma, plasmodium, ceratium and noctiluca

110
Q

giardia causes

A

diarrhea
sits in human digestive tract
found in contaminated water
host ingests cysts

111
Q

trichomonas causes

A

vaginitis

112
Q

trypanosoma causes

A

african sleeping sickness

113
Q

vector of trypanosoma

A

flies

114
Q

leishmania causes

A

visceral disease affecting liver and spleen

lesions in throat, nose skin ulcers

115
Q

leishmania vector

A

sand flies

116
Q

toxoplasma causes

A

human eats infected meat

cysts held in tissue

117
Q

plasmodium causes

A

malaria

118
Q

plasmodium vector

A

mosquito

119
Q

ceratium and noctiluca causes

A

potent toxins to eat away at flesh

120
Q

mechanical vector

A

agent transmits path but does not use it complete cycle
parasite vehicle
carrier that parasite does not live within

121
Q

biological vector

A

inside agent, parasite stages, could be one or more

122
Q

what would i find on a apical complex

A

conoid, polar ring and rhoptries

123
Q

what would i find on a euglenoidea cell

A

reservoir, ocelli, paramylon, chloroplasts, pellicle, 2 flagella

124
Q

what would i find in a paramecium cell

A

microtubules, basal body, kinety, cytostome, cytopharynx, micro and macro nucleus, vacuole, trichocyst, contractile vacuole, cytoproct

125
Q

benthic

A

attached to substrate or lurking at bottom

126
Q

pelagic

A

in water column

127
Q

nekton

A

move in water column, against current horizontally or vertically

128
Q

plankton

A

no motion or too weal to overcome current
zooplankton
phytoplankton

129
Q

what is infraciliature/kinetics in a paramecium cell

A

a fibril arises from basal body and passes beneath the row of cilia, joining the other fibrils of that row
this forms the kinety
does not help ciliary movement that is with electrical impulses

Zoology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions