Test 2 Flashcards
size for prokaryotes
small compared to eukaryotes
size for eukaryotes
bigger compared to prokaryotes 100 micrometers
genetic material for prokaryotes
single, circular chromosomes
genetic material for eukaryotes
multiple linear chromosomes
nature of cell division for prokaryotes
binary fission
nature of cell division for eukaryotes
mitosis and meiosis
internal compartmentalization for prokaryotes
no membrane bound organelles
internal compartmentalization for eukaryotes
contains membrane bound organelles
structure of flagellae for eukaryotes
9+2 flagella
cell wall structure of prokaryotes
peptidoglycan cell wall
cell wall structure of eukaryotes
cellulose/chitin/silica cell wall
presence or absence of cytoskeleton in prokaryotes
absent
presence or absence of cytoskeleton in eukaryotes
present
structure of cilia or flagella
long, rod like structure that is an extension of the body. connected to basal body
9 double microtubules surround 2 single microtubules
cilia are just shorter
why is protista no longer recognized as formal taxonomic group
contains classifications of plant, fungi and animal
excavata general features
feeding groove
chromalveolata
corticle aveoli
sac like structure near membrane
three types of motility
cilia/ flagella
cell extension
cell flow
cilia/flagella motility description
membrane bound cell exntensions
beat, whip around
cell extensions motility
cell spits something out with force
not membrane bound
cell flow motility
pseudopodia
part of cell membrane
change in cell shape
types of pseudopodia
lobopodia axopodia filipodia reticulopodia rhizopodia
lobopodia
rounded
crawl movement
axopodia
pointy
increase surface area or defense
rhizopodia
extensions like hand
attachment to prey or surface
filopodia
rounded point
increased resistance to descent in a water column
reticulopodia
rounded with netting
capturing
pellicle
membrane associated proteins
protection and allowing them to maintain shape, more hydrodynamic
how are pellicles in apicomplexa
in packed vesicles called aveoli
how are pellicles in euglenoids
protein strips aligned spirally along body
axostyle
stiffened rod made of microtubules extends along longitudinal axis of body
endoskeletal framework, locomotion
mixotrophic
uses both autotroph and heterotroph
function of apical complex
host cell penetration
kinetoplast
modified mitochondria with condensed DNA
conjugation and micronucleus in paramecium
cells exchange micro nuclei
meiosis of two nuclei when 4 in each cell present, exchange of one nuclei to other cell while other 2 nuclei in cell desentegrate
causes two micronuclei with shared dna
what is the cell wall like of dinoflagellate
cell wall composed of separate cellulosic “plates” known as theca that lie just with in cell membrane
how many flagella in dinoflagellate/dinophyta
2
oriented perpendicular to each other and beat with in 2 grooves
significance of zooxanthellae and various toxins produced by dinoflagellate
store starch
live in tissues of various invertebrate including corals and molluscs
provide food for invertebrates
structure of radiolarian
silicieous skeleton provides fossil
endoplasm is capsule
outer ectoplasm is calymma
difference between shell of radiolaria and foraminiferan
radiolaria has silicieous
foraminiferan has silicieous or calcium carbonate
general features of porifera
radial or asymmetrical symmetry mostly marine filter and suspension feeders polyp or medusa no organs or organ systems
asconoid
basic filter, open cavity
choanocyte line inside the filter
syconoid
chambers, choanocyte line chambers not inside
leuconoid
most complex, best filter due to most surface area absorption
amoebocytes
redistribute nutrients
found under choanocyte
archeocytes
create skeletal elements for sponge
skeletal elements found in sponge created by archeocytes
collenocyte, sclerocyte, and spongeocyte
choanocytes
capture food, filter food
pinacocytes
covering cell, epidermal cell
porocytes
control size of opening
monitor and adjust size of dermal ostia
filter feeding process and digestion in porifera
the flagella on choanocyte whizes water through reticulopodia into choanocyte
amoebocyte takes nutrients from choanocyte to other areas of the sponge
sclerocyte produces
spicuoles
collenocyte produces
collagen protein
spongocyte produces
spongin protein
syncitium/coenocyte
multinucleus
considered acellular
nuclei is not separated by membranes
mesohyl
gelatinous matrix
where is mesohyl found
right outside of epidermal layer of pinocytes
reproductive process in poriferans
gamete producing cells produce both male and female
gametes released in spongocoel and out of osculum where they are fertalized outside of sponge
zygote then settles on substrate
how many species of cnidarians
over 9000
where do cnidarians live
mostly marine few aquatic
where would you find cnidarians
tropics and subtropics
where most diverse
what is benthic
attached to bottom
what is pelagic
in water column
what are the classes of cnidarians
hydrozoa, anthozoa, scyphozoa and cubozoa
what type of life cycle do cnidarians have
dimorphic
what type of reproduction does cnidarians have
asexual and sexual
motile is
medusa
sessile is
polyp
what are the two distinct tissue types in cnidarians
gastrodermis and epidermis
what is the mesoglea
non cellular layer that is gelatinous matrix
what type of symmetry do cnidarians have
radial/ wagon wheel
what are the two types of tissue
simple and complex
what type of cells are in a hydra
secretory cells are located in the gvc
what is connected to secretory cells
cilia
what is the function of secretory cells
digest components imported into cell, then send them back out into gvc to export them
function of cilia on secretory cell
move water in gvc with digested components for absorption and secretion
what is being diffused into and out of the gvc
water
what cells are located on outside of cnidarian
epidermal, epitheliomuscular cell, embryonic stem cell and cnidocyte
function of epitheliomuscular
cell that creates movement for jelly fish
function of cnidocyte
holds nematocyst, capture prey
function of embryonic stem cell
tissue repair and cell replacement
what will you find between epidermal and gastrovascular in cnidarians
diffuse nerve net
how does the diffuse nerve net work
there is sensory which detects stimuli, and there is effector neurons that cause response
what cells are involved for prey capture in cnidarians
cnidocytes
three functions of cnidocytes
used for injection of neuro toxins, entanglement of prey, and attachment
triggering mechanism of nematocyst
physical contact triggers
everything coiled into cnidocyte
water rushes in, causes pressure
structure everts and then spits out allowing to anchor into orey
do cnidarians have muscles
no
how do cnidarians move
epitheliomuscular cell
contains proteins that allow cell shape to change
the cell pushes against gvc fulid causing movement
what proteins are used in epitheliomuscular cell for movement
dinein and kinesin
when longitudinal muscles contract
circular relax
short and wide
when circular muscles contract
longitudinal relax
long and skinny
which protistas have pellicles
Euglenida, kinetoplastida, trypanosomatidea
loss of mitochondria
retortamonada, axostylata
axostyle
axostylata
paramylon
euglenida
kinetoplast
kinetoplastida and trypanosomatidea
amoeboid
foraminifera, radiozoa
calcium carbonate shell/testate
foraminifera
silica skeleton, capsule and calymma
radiozoa
cortical alveoli
ciliophora, dinophyta, apicomplexa
micro/ macro nuclei
ciliophora
submembrane system
ciliophora
pellicle and cilia
ciliophora
biflagellate
dinophyta
auto and heterotrophic
dinophyta
zooxanthellae
dinophyta
parasitic
apicomplexa
apical complex
apicomplexa
protista parasites
giardia, trichomonas, trypanosoma, leishmania, toxoplasma, plasmodium, ceratium and noctiluca
giardia causes
diarrhea
sits in human digestive tract
found in contaminated water
host ingests cysts
trichomonas causes
vaginitis
trypanosoma causes
african sleeping sickness
vector of trypanosoma
flies
leishmania causes
visceral disease affecting liver and spleen
lesions in throat, nose skin ulcers
leishmania vector
sand flies
toxoplasma causes
human eats infected meat
cysts held in tissue
plasmodium causes
malaria
plasmodium vector
mosquito
ceratium and noctiluca causes
potent toxins to eat away at flesh
mechanical vector
agent transmits path but does not use it complete cycle
parasite vehicle
carrier that parasite does not live within
biological vector
inside agent, parasite stages, could be one or more
what would i find on a apical complex
conoid, polar ring and rhoptries
what would i find on a euglenoidea cell
reservoir, ocelli, paramylon, chloroplasts, pellicle, 2 flagella
what would i find in a paramecium cell
microtubules, basal body, kinety, cytostome, cytopharynx, micro and macro nucleus, vacuole, trichocyst, contractile vacuole, cytoproct
benthic
attached to substrate or lurking at bottom
pelagic
in water column
nekton
move in water column, against current horizontally or vertically
plankton
no motion or too weal to overcome current
zooplankton
phytoplankton
what is infraciliature/kinetics in a paramecium cell
a fibril arises from basal body and passes beneath the row of cilia, joining the other fibrils of that row
this forms the kinety
does not help ciliary movement that is with electrical impulses
