Lec Test 4 Flashcards
are cuticles present in arthropods
yes, produces the exoskeleton
indirect flight muscles
cause wing movement by altering shape of thorax
parietal peritoneum
lines abdominal wall
what are the skeletal elements in echinoderms
ossicles and spicuoles
eucoelomate have parietal or visceral
both
describe rotifera outer layer
cuticle, syncitial epidermis
holometabolous
larval stage
pupa is where the radical transformation occurrs
book gills are used how
water passes through them, taking oxygen out of them through counter current diffusion
butterflies and moths do not have
mandibles, have long sucking proboscis
where do nematomorpha live
mostly freshwater
rotifera coelom
pseudocoelomate
chemotaxis
response to different chemicals in environment
what is a lorica
shielding plate on top of cuticle in rotifera
only having ID muscles for flight
ID muscles contract, elevating wings up
longitudinal thoracic muscles contract and arch tergum causing wings to lower
what is an incomplete digestive system
not mouth to anus, usually has gvc
monoecious
having both male and female gonads in same organism
protostome coelom
schizocoelous, tissue splits open creating new space
what does ecdysis mean
molting
what is in holometaboulous
larval stage, radical change from pupa to adult
egg-larva-pupa-adult
what is the fusion of the head and throrax called
prosoma
what is indirect development
holometabolous and or hemimetabolous
what are nectonematids
horse hair live on marine crustaceans
horse hair food
parasitic until adult stage
what is the life cycle stages of arthropods
egg, larva, instar, pupa, adult
metamerisim
segmentation: functional clusters
what is the exoskeleton made of
chitin with embedded protein
where are trophi located on rotifera
neck
what are sclerites
complex system of plates connect by concealed, flexible hinge joints
flexor muscles do
bring appendage towards the body
what is the general body plan of a rotifera
corona (head), neck, trunk, foot, toes
more derived tagmata
losses or fusion of segments
label water flow in echinoderm
madreporite- stone canal- ring canal- radial canal-lateral canal- ampullae- tube foot
echinoidea
sea urchin, ambulacral grooves are everywhere, tube feet very fine, spines have muscles at end of base used as defense function
extensor muscles do
extend appendage away from body
does acoelomate have parietal or visceral
none
what is the advantage for larva and adults when it comes to food
larva and adults wont be competing for food since only one stage focuses on feeding
parthogenesis
in some instances, unfertilized eggs develop into a new individual
what is the exoskeleton composed of
chiton, calcium, various proteins, polysaccharides
extinct arthropoda
trilobita
horse hair sexual reproduction?
dioecious
spiders give birth to
live young, viviporous
deuterostome blastopore
develops into anus
taxis
response to environmental stimuli, go towards or away
what are pedipalps
help manipulate food
what is the purpose of the adult stage
some feeding, seeking mate and reproducing
what is different about rotifera reproduction
parthogenesis
direct flight muscles
attached to wing
what is direct development
no radical transformation, no larval stage, juvenile looks like adult
general features for chelicerata
no antennae
2 tagmata (prosoma, opisthosoma)
chelicerae
acoelomate
no body cavity
is there a brain in echinodermsn
no
what is a telson on a crustacean
unsegmented end
what forms the food channel in sucking mouth parts
labrum pharynx
cuticle of each body segment composed of
4 sclerites
what about circulatory system in echinoderms
very reduced
what is the name for abdomen in chelicerata
opisthosoma
mastax
musculated pharynx
function of pedal glands
secrete an adhesive material used by both sessile and creeping forms
what are gordiids
horse hair parasites on terrestrial arthropods
describe exoskeleton of arthropods
composed of chitin, calcium and various protein
where are malpighian tubules located
at the junction of the midgut and hindgut, the ends of the tubules lie in the hemocoel
biramus
appendages have two brances
interspecific
competition between different species
what are successive molts
instars
what developmental pattern in crustaceans
indirect
what is an ocellus
at end of each arm in echinoderm, detects light and direction
helps with balance
phototaxis
response to light
spinnerettes funciton
prey capture, movements, locomotion, shelters
what are taenidia
located inside trachea that are spiral like and support trachea and prevent their collapse
what is the main reason for the larval stage
all about feeding and growth
how does gas exchange work
muscular movements in abdomen, jaw and limbs draw air into trachea and expands air sacs , then collapse in expiration
jaw and limb movements increase pressure inside exoskeleton causing trachea to contract and insect exhale
what helps with rigidity in sclerites
scleroproteins, water proof and are light for flight
what are the 4 cuticles
tergum, ventral sternum, and pair of lateral pleura
uniramous
unbranched appendages
how many toes do rotifera have
one to four
function of trophi
hard jaws that grind food
what are nematomorpha
horse hair worms
is there a complete digestive system in echinoderms
yes but very short
ametabolous
missing larval stage
size of rotifera
very small,
rotifera live how
benthic and pelagic
deuterostome cleavage pattern
radial
metabolic rates of arthropods
high, very active
segmentation in echinodermats
no
what is a complete digestive system
mouth to anus
what is metamerism
segmentation
what is the endoskeleton made of in echinoderms
calcium carbonate
deuterostome cell fate
indeterminate, cell fate established late
what development has no larval stage
direct development
thigmotaxis
touch
what is special about holothuroide
bilateral symmetry, tube feet on one side, loss of dermal branchiae, benthic, tentacles used for feeding
shoots out sticky threads meshing predator in slimey thick tissue
contains respiratory tree inside
chewing mouthparts
seizing and crushing foods
herbivores
carnivores: sharp pointed mouth parts for piercing
sexual reproduction of rotifera
dioecious
in crustaceans, exoskeleton is
calcified
what is chitin
polysaccharides, linked glucose units, each unit is attached to nitrogen group
rotifer have how many body parts
3, head trunk and foot
is there cilia on nematomorpha
no
more derived crustacea
fewer segments with more specialization
diplopoda
millipede,
poorly developed head, detritivores and herbivores
not active, 2 pairs of walking legs per segment
trophi
grind food, jaw like structures
what is the more derived tagmata
losses, fusion of segments
what appendages would you find on an arthropod
antennae, mouth parts, wings, walking legs
do you reproduce during the larval stage
no
intraspecific
competition between the same specie
are rotifera eutelic
yes
what appendages do crustaceans have
antennae, mandibles, maxillae, maxillipeds, cheliped, wlalking legs, swimmerets, uropod
sponging/lapping mouth parts
apex of labium is large, soft lobes with grooves that serve as food channels
either eat liquidy food or make liquidy food with salivary secretions
ancestral crustacea
more segments similar to each other
where are pedal glands found in rotifera
the foot
ticks
juveniles resemble adults, head and thorax fused together, disease vectors, modified feet, modified mouth parts with barbs
what type of behaviors are shown in arthropods
complex behaviors, form colonies, organized
toes
used for attachment
horse hair adult stage purpose
not to feed but just to find a mate and reproduce
deuterostoe coelom
entercoelous, digestive tract forms, has bubble that expands, forms by outpocketing
tagmata
segmented clusters with function
description of horse hair
long, slender, consistently thin
instar
successive molts
ecdysis
molting
do nematomorpha have a cuticle
yes
what type of coelom do arthropods have
eucoelomate
uniramus
single branched appendages
what are the parts included in gas exchange for insects
spiracles, trachea, tracheoles, air sacs and taenidia
echinoderm eucoelomates?
yes, parietal and visceral connected to mesoderm
eucoelomate
true body cavity, fully lined
how do rotifers acquire food
tofts which are on the corona, have cilia that create movement in liquid to sweep particles into the mouth
what type of skeleton would you find on an arthropod
exoskeleton
function of dermal branchiae
respiration and gas diffusion
mandibles used for
to bite or tear with teeth like structure
are antennae found in chelicerata
no
chilopoda
centipede, paired appendages except on last two segments and segment behind head
single pair of appendages, has poison claws
very active, looking for prey, aggressive
well developed head with well developed eyes, single pair of legs per segment
sensilla
used as mechanical stimuli, for touch, pressure or vibration
seta or hair like process with nerve attached to it at the base
what are the two different phases in indirect development
holometabolous and hemimetabolous
what type of symmetry do echinodermatas have
radially
distinctive features of rotifera
ciliated tufts near mouth, mastax, trophi, and toes
what is ancestral tagmata
head/trunk
is there an endoskeleton present in echinoderms
yes
what is called the radical change from pupa to adult
metamorphisis
circulatory system of arthropods
open circulatory
how does forward thrust work when flying
direct muscles help alter angle of wings so they act at lifting airfoils during up and downstroke
appendages of arthropods
antennae, mouth parts, wings and walking legs
function of mapighian tubules
acts like a kidney system, exchange of ions and water depending on if the insect needs to retain water or get rid of water or keep ions or get rid of ions
what are chelicerae
appendages may be modified into fangs, stingers an claws
derived tagmata
head, thorax, abdomen
phyla found in ecdysis
arthropoda and nematoda
is there an excretory system in echinoderms
no
ancestral tagmata
head, trunk
what is special about crinoidea
feather and basket stars, have long stalk, mouth oriented up , loss of external madreporite, suspension feeding
exopod
small extension coming off of basis in biramous appendage
pedicellariae
on bases of spines, has tiny jaws to keep body surface free of debris, protect papulae, sometimes aide in food capture
pedipalps in arachnida can do
send liquid into prey to liquify prey from inside
what are the two groups in nematomorpha
nectonematids
gordiids
at first the exoskeleton is
flexible but will become rigid
what is eutelic
fixed number of body cells
instars
stages in between molts
what are the stages in ametobolous
egg, juvenile, and adult
what type of circulatory system do arthropods have
open circulatory system
how many tagmata do crustaceans have
3, head thorax and abdomen
what are the stages in hemimetabolous
egg, nymph (several instars), adult
coelom of arthropods
eucoelomates
function of water vascular system in echinoderms
connected muscular tubules that allow animal to move
what is another term for direct development
ametabolous
what are the growth stages of arthropods
egg, larval, juvenile, adult
size of rotifera
very small, microscopic
hemocoel in arthropods
not a coelom, persistent blastocoel that becomes blood filled hemocoel
what produces the exoskeleton
the cuticle
what is apomixis
asexual reproduction, no genetic recombination
endpod
larger extension coming off of basis in biramous appendage
protostome cleavage pattern
spiral
thigmotaxis
response to touch
does pseudocoelomate have parietal or visceral
parietal
phyla found in locotophozoa
platyhelminthes, annelida and molluscs
coxa
part of protopod, directly attached to gill
when indirect and direct flight muscles are used for flight
ID muscles contract, elevating wings up
Direct muscles contact, lowers wings
purpose of larval stage
feeding and growth, do not reproduce in this stage
what is taxis
response to environmental stimuli: go towards or away
protostome cell fate
mosiac, cell fate determined early on
what are two things needed in flying
thrust and lift
sucking mouthparts
form tube, fasicle made of mandibles, maxillae, hypopharynx and labrum-epipharynx are elongated into needlelike stylets
living status of rotifera
aquatic and terrestrial
biramous
2 parted appendages
maxillae used for
holding foods and pass it towards mouth
visceral perotineum
wrapped around internal organs
what is derived tagmata
head/thorax/abdomen
nymphs
only present in hemimetabolous, young is aquatic, wings develop externally and increase in size as animal grows by successive molts
function of mastax
musculated pharynx, constantly chewing
is there a head in echinoderms
no
what hemimetabolous
gradual metamophosis
aquatic eggs (nymph), wings develop externally and grow larger through different instars
becomes winged adult
horse hair coelom
pseudocoelom
type of muscle in horse hair
longitudinal muscle only
function of mesenteric tissue
anchors organs to abdominal wall
protostome blastopore
develops into mouth
cryptobiosis
metabolically inert, water pulled out of animal dehydrated
can protect their cells in this state
digestive system of rotifera
complete
what is direct development
no radical transformation, no larval stage, juvenile looks like adult, successive molts are instars, ametabolous
what does locotrophozoa mean
locophore: modified tentacls
trocophore: larva
pseduocoelomate
false body cavity, organs attached to tissue that is mesenteric tissue
whats different about echinodermatas
a lot of evolutionary losses
what is special about the larval stage of echinoderms
they have bilateral symmetry
dioecious
having male and female gonads in separate individuals
what are the two sides called of echinodermatas
aboral and oral side
what are functional clusters
tagmata
function of tufts
sweeps particles into mouth
merostomata
horse shoe crab
phototaxis
light
