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Zoology > Lec Test 4 > Flashcards

Lec Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

are cuticles present in arthropods

A

yes, produces the exoskeleton

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2
Q

indirect flight muscles

A

cause wing movement by altering shape of thorax

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3
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

lines abdominal wall

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4
Q

what are the skeletal elements in echinoderms

A

ossicles and spicuoles

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5
Q

eucoelomate have parietal or visceral

A

both

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6
Q

describe rotifera outer layer

A

cuticle, syncitial epidermis

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7
Q

holometabolous

A

larval stage

pupa is where the radical transformation occurrs

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8
Q

book gills are used how

A

water passes through them, taking oxygen out of them through counter current diffusion

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9
Q

butterflies and moths do not have

A

mandibles, have long sucking proboscis

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10
Q

where do nematomorpha live

A

mostly freshwater

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11
Q

rotifera coelom

A

pseudocoelomate

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12
Q

chemotaxis

A

response to different chemicals in environment

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13
Q

what is a lorica

A

shielding plate on top of cuticle in rotifera

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14
Q

only having ID muscles for flight

A

ID muscles contract, elevating wings up

longitudinal thoracic muscles contract and arch tergum causing wings to lower

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15
Q

what is an incomplete digestive system

A

not mouth to anus, usually has gvc

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16
Q

monoecious

A

having both male and female gonads in same organism

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17
Q

protostome coelom

A

schizocoelous, tissue splits open creating new space

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18
Q

what does ecdysis mean

A

molting

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19
Q

what is in holometaboulous

A

larval stage, radical change from pupa to adult

egg-larva-pupa-adult

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20
Q

what is the fusion of the head and throrax called

A

prosoma

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21
Q

what is indirect development

A

holometabolous and or hemimetabolous

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22
Q

what are nectonematids

A

horse hair live on marine crustaceans

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23
Q

horse hair food

A

parasitic until adult stage

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24
Q

what is the life cycle stages of arthropods

A

egg, larva, instar, pupa, adult

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25
Q

metamerisim

A

segmentation: functional clusters

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26
Q

what is the exoskeleton made of

A

chitin with embedded protein

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27
Q

where are trophi located on rotifera

A

neck

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28
Q

what are sclerites

A

complex system of plates connect by concealed, flexible hinge joints

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29
Q

flexor muscles do

A

bring appendage towards the body

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30
Q

what is the general body plan of a rotifera

A

corona (head), neck, trunk, foot, toes

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31
Q

more derived tagmata

A

losses or fusion of segments

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32
Q

label water flow in echinoderm

A

madreporite- stone canal- ring canal- radial canal-lateral canal- ampullae- tube foot

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33
Q

echinoidea

A

sea urchin, ambulacral grooves are everywhere, tube feet very fine, spines have muscles at end of base used as defense function

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34
Q

extensor muscles do

A

extend appendage away from body

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35
Q

does acoelomate have parietal or visceral

A

none

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36
Q

what is the advantage for larva and adults when it comes to food

A

larva and adults wont be competing for food since only one stage focuses on feeding

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37
Q

parthogenesis

A

in some instances, unfertilized eggs develop into a new individual

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38
Q

what is the exoskeleton composed of

A

chiton, calcium, various proteins, polysaccharides

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39
Q

extinct arthropoda

A

trilobita

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40
Q

horse hair sexual reproduction?

A

dioecious

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41
Q

spiders give birth to

A

live young, viviporous

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42
Q

deuterostome blastopore

A

develops into anus

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43
Q

taxis

A

response to environmental stimuli, go towards or away

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44
Q

what are pedipalps

A

help manipulate food

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45
Q

what is the purpose of the adult stage

A

some feeding, seeking mate and reproducing

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46
Q

what is different about rotifera reproduction

A

parthogenesis

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47
Q

direct flight muscles

A

attached to wing

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48
Q

what is direct development

A

no radical transformation, no larval stage, juvenile looks like adult

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49
Q

general features for chelicerata

A

no antennae
2 tagmata (prosoma, opisthosoma)
chelicerae

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50
Q

acoelomate

A

no body cavity

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51
Q

is there a brain in echinodermsn

A

no

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52
Q

what is a telson on a crustacean

A

unsegmented end

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53
Q

what forms the food channel in sucking mouth parts

A

labrum pharynx

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54
Q

cuticle of each body segment composed of

A

4 sclerites

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55
Q

what about circulatory system in echinoderms

A

very reduced

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56
Q

what is the name for abdomen in chelicerata

A

opisthosoma

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57
Q

mastax

A

musculated pharynx

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58
Q

function of pedal glands

A

secrete an adhesive material used by both sessile and creeping forms

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59
Q

what are gordiids

A

horse hair parasites on terrestrial arthropods

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60
Q

describe exoskeleton of arthropods

A

composed of chitin, calcium and various protein

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61
Q

where are malpighian tubules located

A

at the junction of the midgut and hindgut, the ends of the tubules lie in the hemocoel

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62
Q

biramus

A

appendages have two brances

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63
Q

interspecific

A

competition between different species

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64
Q

what are successive molts

A

instars

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65
Q

what developmental pattern in crustaceans

A

indirect

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66
Q

what is an ocellus

A

at end of each arm in echinoderm, detects light and direction
helps with balance

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67
Q

phototaxis

A

response to light

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68
Q

spinnerettes funciton

A

prey capture, movements, locomotion, shelters

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69
Q

what are taenidia

A

located inside trachea that are spiral like and support trachea and prevent their collapse

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70
Q

what is the main reason for the larval stage

A

all about feeding and growth

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71
Q

how does gas exchange work

A

muscular movements in abdomen, jaw and limbs draw air into trachea and expands air sacs , then collapse in expiration
jaw and limb movements increase pressure inside exoskeleton causing trachea to contract and insect exhale

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72
Q

what helps with rigidity in sclerites

A

scleroproteins, water proof and are light for flight

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73
Q

what are the 4 cuticles

A

tergum, ventral sternum, and pair of lateral pleura

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74
Q

uniramous

A

unbranched appendages

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75
Q

how many toes do rotifera have

A

one to four

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76
Q

function of trophi

A

hard jaws that grind food

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77
Q

what are nematomorpha

A

horse hair worms

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78
Q

is there a complete digestive system in echinoderms

A

yes but very short

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79
Q

ametabolous

A

missing larval stage

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80
Q

size of rotifera

A

very small,

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81
Q

rotifera live how

A

benthic and pelagic

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82
Q

deuterostome cleavage pattern

A

radial

83
Q

metabolic rates of arthropods

A

high, very active

84
Q

segmentation in echinodermats

A

no

85
Q

what is a complete digestive system

A

mouth to anus

86
Q

what is metamerism

A

segmentation

87
Q

what is the endoskeleton made of in echinoderms

A

calcium carbonate

88
Q

deuterostome cell fate

A

indeterminate, cell fate established late

89
Q

what development has no larval stage

A

direct development

90
Q

thigmotaxis

A

touch

91
Q

what is special about holothuroide

A

bilateral symmetry, tube feet on one side, loss of dermal branchiae, benthic, tentacles used for feeding
shoots out sticky threads meshing predator in slimey thick tissue
contains respiratory tree inside

92
Q

chewing mouthparts

A

seizing and crushing foods
herbivores
carnivores: sharp pointed mouth parts for piercing

93
Q

sexual reproduction of rotifera

A

dioecious

94
Q

in crustaceans, exoskeleton is

A

calcified

95
Q

what is chitin

A

polysaccharides, linked glucose units, each unit is attached to nitrogen group

96
Q

rotifer have how many body parts

A

3, head trunk and foot

97
Q

is there cilia on nematomorpha

A

no

98
Q

more derived crustacea

A

fewer segments with more specialization

99
Q

diplopoda

A

millipede,
poorly developed head, detritivores and herbivores
not active, 2 pairs of walking legs per segment

100
Q

trophi

A

grind food, jaw like structures

101
Q

what is the more derived tagmata

A

losses, fusion of segments

102
Q

what appendages would you find on an arthropod

A

antennae, mouth parts, wings, walking legs

103
Q

do you reproduce during the larval stage

A

no

104
Q

intraspecific

A

competition between the same specie

105
Q

are rotifera eutelic

A

yes

106
Q

what appendages do crustaceans have

A

antennae, mandibles, maxillae, maxillipeds, cheliped, wlalking legs, swimmerets, uropod

107
Q

sponging/lapping mouth parts

A

apex of labium is large, soft lobes with grooves that serve as food channels
either eat liquidy food or make liquidy food with salivary secretions

108
Q

ancestral crustacea

A

more segments similar to each other

109
Q

where are pedal glands found in rotifera

A

the foot

110
Q

ticks

A

juveniles resemble adults, head and thorax fused together, disease vectors, modified feet, modified mouth parts with barbs

111
Q

what type of behaviors are shown in arthropods

A

complex behaviors, form colonies, organized

112
Q

toes

A

used for attachment

113
Q

horse hair adult stage purpose

A

not to feed but just to find a mate and reproduce

114
Q

deuterostoe coelom

A

entercoelous, digestive tract forms, has bubble that expands, forms by outpocketing

115
Q

tagmata

A

segmented clusters with function

116
Q

description of horse hair

A

long, slender, consistently thin

117
Q

instar

A

successive molts

118
Q

ecdysis

A

molting

119
Q

do nematomorpha have a cuticle

A

yes

120
Q

what type of coelom do arthropods have

A

eucoelomate

121
Q

uniramus

A

single branched appendages

122
Q

what are the parts included in gas exchange for insects

A

spiracles, trachea, tracheoles, air sacs and taenidia

123
Q

echinoderm eucoelomates?

A

yes, parietal and visceral connected to mesoderm

124
Q

eucoelomate

A

true body cavity, fully lined

125
Q

how do rotifers acquire food

A

tofts which are on the corona, have cilia that create movement in liquid to sweep particles into the mouth

126
Q

what type of skeleton would you find on an arthropod

A

exoskeleton

127
Q

function of dermal branchiae

A

respiration and gas diffusion

128
Q

mandibles used for

A

to bite or tear with teeth like structure

129
Q

are antennae found in chelicerata

A

no

130
Q

chilopoda

A

centipede, paired appendages except on last two segments and segment behind head
single pair of appendages, has poison claws
very active, looking for prey, aggressive
well developed head with well developed eyes, single pair of legs per segment

131
Q

sensilla

A

used as mechanical stimuli, for touch, pressure or vibration

seta or hair like process with nerve attached to it at the base

132
Q

what are the two different phases in indirect development

A

holometabolous and hemimetabolous

133
Q

what type of symmetry do echinodermatas have

A

radially

134
Q

distinctive features of rotifera

A

ciliated tufts near mouth, mastax, trophi, and toes

135
Q

what is ancestral tagmata

A

head/trunk

136
Q

is there an endoskeleton present in echinoderms

A

yes

137
Q

what is called the radical change from pupa to adult

A

metamorphisis

138
Q

circulatory system of arthropods

A

open circulatory

139
Q

how does forward thrust work when flying

A

direct muscles help alter angle of wings so they act at lifting airfoils during up and downstroke

140
Q

appendages of arthropods

A

antennae, mouth parts, wings and walking legs

141
Q

function of mapighian tubules

A

acts like a kidney system, exchange of ions and water depending on if the insect needs to retain water or get rid of water or keep ions or get rid of ions

142
Q

what are chelicerae

A

appendages may be modified into fangs, stingers an claws

143
Q

derived tagmata

A

head, thorax, abdomen

144
Q

phyla found in ecdysis

A

arthropoda and nematoda

145
Q

is there an excretory system in echinoderms

A

no

146
Q

ancestral tagmata

A

head, trunk

147
Q

what is special about crinoidea

A

feather and basket stars, have long stalk, mouth oriented up , loss of external madreporite, suspension feeding

148
Q

exopod

A

small extension coming off of basis in biramous appendage

149
Q

pedicellariae

A

on bases of spines, has tiny jaws to keep body surface free of debris, protect papulae, sometimes aide in food capture

150
Q

pedipalps in arachnida can do

A

send liquid into prey to liquify prey from inside

151
Q

what are the two groups in nematomorpha

A

nectonematids

gordiids

152
Q

at first the exoskeleton is

A

flexible but will become rigid

153
Q

what is eutelic

A

fixed number of body cells

154
Q

instars

A

stages in between molts

155
Q

what are the stages in ametobolous

A

egg, juvenile, and adult

156
Q

what type of circulatory system do arthropods have

A

open circulatory system

157
Q

how many tagmata do crustaceans have

A

3, head thorax and abdomen

158
Q

what are the stages in hemimetabolous

A

egg, nymph (several instars), adult

159
Q

coelom of arthropods

A

eucoelomates

160
Q

function of water vascular system in echinoderms

A

connected muscular tubules that allow animal to move

161
Q

what is another term for direct development

A

ametabolous

162
Q

what are the growth stages of arthropods

A

egg, larval, juvenile, adult

163
Q

size of rotifera

A

very small, microscopic

164
Q

hemocoel in arthropods

A

not a coelom, persistent blastocoel that becomes blood filled hemocoel

165
Q

what produces the exoskeleton

A

the cuticle

166
Q

what is apomixis

A

asexual reproduction, no genetic recombination

167
Q

endpod

A

larger extension coming off of basis in biramous appendage

168
Q

protostome cleavage pattern

A

spiral

169
Q

thigmotaxis

A

response to touch

170
Q

does pseudocoelomate have parietal or visceral

A

parietal

171
Q

phyla found in locotophozoa

A

platyhelminthes, annelida and molluscs

172
Q

coxa

A

part of protopod, directly attached to gill

173
Q

when indirect and direct flight muscles are used for flight

A

ID muscles contract, elevating wings up

Direct muscles contact, lowers wings

174
Q

purpose of larval stage

A

feeding and growth, do not reproduce in this stage

175
Q

what is taxis

A

response to environmental stimuli: go towards or away

176
Q

protostome cell fate

A

mosiac, cell fate determined early on

177
Q

what are two things needed in flying

A

thrust and lift

178
Q

sucking mouthparts

A

form tube, fasicle made of mandibles, maxillae, hypopharynx and labrum-epipharynx are elongated into needlelike stylets

179
Q

living status of rotifera

A

aquatic and terrestrial

180
Q

biramous

A

2 parted appendages

181
Q

maxillae used for

A

holding foods and pass it towards mouth

182
Q

visceral perotineum

A

wrapped around internal organs

183
Q

what is derived tagmata

A

head/thorax/abdomen

184
Q

nymphs

A

only present in hemimetabolous, young is aquatic, wings develop externally and increase in size as animal grows by successive molts

185
Q

function of mastax

A

musculated pharynx, constantly chewing

186
Q

is there a head in echinoderms

A

no

187
Q

what hemimetabolous

A

gradual metamophosis
aquatic eggs (nymph), wings develop externally and grow larger through different instars
becomes winged adult

188
Q

horse hair coelom

A

pseudocoelom

189
Q

type of muscle in horse hair

A

longitudinal muscle only

190
Q

function of mesenteric tissue

A

anchors organs to abdominal wall

191
Q

protostome blastopore

A

develops into mouth

192
Q

cryptobiosis

A

metabolically inert, water pulled out of animal dehydrated

can protect their cells in this state

193
Q

digestive system of rotifera

A

complete

194
Q

what is direct development

A

no radical transformation, no larval stage, juvenile looks like adult, successive molts are instars, ametabolous

195
Q

what does locotrophozoa mean

A

locophore: modified tentacls
trocophore: larva

196
Q

pseduocoelomate

A

false body cavity, organs attached to tissue that is mesenteric tissue

197
Q

whats different about echinodermatas

A

a lot of evolutionary losses

198
Q

what is special about the larval stage of echinoderms

A

they have bilateral symmetry

199
Q

dioecious

A

having male and female gonads in separate individuals

200
Q

what are the two sides called of echinodermatas

A

aboral and oral side

201
Q

what are functional clusters

A

tagmata

202
Q

function of tufts

A

sweeps particles into mouth

203
Q

merostomata

A

horse shoe crab

204
Q

phototaxis

A

light

Zoology (7 decks)

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