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Zoology > lab practical 3 > Flashcards

lab practical 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is in the phylum hemichordata

A

worm like/ acorn worm

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2
Q

what is significant of hemichordatas

A

exhibit half of the characteristics that define chordates

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3
Q

what are the five characteristics in chordatas

A 
dorsal, hollow nerve cord
pharyngeal gill slits
metamerism
post anal tail
endostyle
notochord
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4
Q

what are the subphylum of chordata

A

urochordata, cephalochordata, vertebrata

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5
Q

what are urochordata

A

sea squirts or tunicates

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6
Q

movement in sea squirts

A

adults are sessile and are filter feeders

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7
Q

why are urochordata put into chordata group

A

larval form shows all five characteristics while adulthood only has two of the five

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8
Q

cephalochordata are

A

lancelets

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9
Q

significance of lancelets

A

display all five characteristics as an adult

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10
Q

chondrichthyes have what type of internal skeleton

A

cartilage skeleton

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11
Q

class actinopterygii are

A

ray finned fish

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12
Q

why are ray finned fish greater in complexity than agnathan fishes

A

evolution of jaws and paired appendages

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13
Q

in ray finned fish what protects the central nervous system

A

cranium and vertebral column

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14
Q

what does a swim bladder do

A

help with buoyancy

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15
Q

amphibians are the first

A

tetrapods

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16
Q

what allowed amphibians to survive on land

A

appendicular girdles, appendages for terrestrial locomotion, simple lungs, thing vascularized skin, neck

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17
Q

why are amphibians tied to the water

A

reproduction

do not produce dry resistant eggs

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18
Q

class reptilia has what that helps stay on land

A

dry skin covered with scales, regulatory ectotherms, increased metabolism, more flexible limbs, stronger jaw

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19
Q

reproductive process in reptiles

A

amniotic egg (land eggs), internal fertilization

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20
Q

which class is the first truly endothermic group

A

class aves

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21
Q

in order for an animal to be endothermic what do they need

A

high metabolism, which produces heat

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22
Q

how do class aves preserve heat

A

feathers serve as insulators

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23
Q

what is another word for feathers

A

plumage

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24
Q

what are other functions of feathers

A

flight, behavioral functions, and sensory functions

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25
Q

what are the sexual dimorphisms in class aves

A

different plumages, color, feather shapes

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26
Q

what is special about class aves skeleton

A

lighter to allow for flight

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27
Q

what are the three types of feathers

A

remiges, coverts, and down feathers

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28
Q

what are remiges

A

flight feathers

29
Q

characteristics of remiges

A

long, stiff, flight

30
Q

characteristics of coverts

A

shorter contour feathers, cover gaps of regimes feathers

31
Q

characteristics of down feathers

A

less organized, short and lie under the contour feathers

32
Q

what is in a contour feather

A

rachis, vane, calamus, barbs

33
Q

what is a rachis

A

long central shaft

34
Q

what is a vane

A

flat, attached to side of rachis

35
Q

what is the calamus

A

hollow portion at the base of the shaft that anchors the feather

36
Q

what is a barb

A

vane composed of lateral branches

37
Q

what is the more defined order of feathers

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, covert, semi plume feather and down feather

38
Q

what features are special for mammals

A

single lower jaw bone (dentary), mammary glands, hair, 3 middle ear ossicles, and diaphragm muscle

39
Q

what is vivipary

A

live birth of young

40
Q

another word for hair

A

pelage

41
Q

function of pelage

A

insulator to retain body heat

42
Q

how is hair classified

A

function and growth pattern

43
Q

angora is

A

hair that grows continuously

44
Q

definitive hair is

A

hair that only grows to a certain length and then stops growing

45
Q

describe vibrissae hairs

A

long stiff hairs that are well innervated at the base

46
Q

function of vibrissae hair

A

tactile receptors, whiskers for example

47
Q

function of guard hairs

A

protection

48
Q

what are the three major types of guard hairs

A

awns, bristles, and spines

49
Q

describe awns

A

definitive growth, covers bodies of most mammals

50
Q

describe bristles

A

long hairs with angora growth

51
Q

describe spines

A

barbed and have definitive growth

52
Q

function of under hairs

A

insulators

53
Q

three types of under hairs

A

wool, fur and velli

54
Q

describe wool

A

angora hair

55
Q

describe fur

A

definitive hair

56
Q

describe velli

A

very fine fuzz hair around embryo

57
Q

how is color determined in a mammal

A

amount of eumelanin and pheomelanin

58
Q

eumelanin

A

black and browns

59
Q

pheomelanin

A

reds and yellows

60
Q

cryptic coloration

A

conceals individuals from predators, blend in with surroundings

61
Q

disruptive coloration

A

sharply contrasting patters of light and dark colors, allow animal to blend into patterns of light and dark

62
Q

countershading

A

dorsum is dark and ventral is light

63
Q

true horns

A

only occur in female bovidae, unbranched and permanent

64
Q

description of true horn

A

arise from frontal bone, bony core surrounded by epidermal sheath of horn
sheath keratinized
on both male and female

65
Q

pronghorns

A

bony core from frontal bone with epidermal sheath

66
Q

pronghorns shed?

A

epidermal sheath sheds annually

67
Q

antlers

A

consist entirely of bone, branched and shed annually

68
Q

antlers provide with type of epidermal sheath

A

blood and nervous tissue that support growth

69
Q

two types of horn

A

true horns and pronghorns

Zoology (7 decks)

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