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Zoology > Lecture Test 3 > Flashcards

Lecture Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

protostome development

A

blastopore develops into mouth

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2
Q

protostome cleavage

A

spiral

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3
Q

protostome embryo

A

mosiac, cell state determined early on

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4
Q

protostome coelom

A

tissue splits open creating new space, schizocoelous

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5
Q

deuterostome development

A

blastopore develops into anus

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6
Q

deuterostome cleavage

A

radial

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7
Q

deuterostome embryo

A

regulative, indeterminative

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8
Q

deuterostom coelom

A

digestive tract forms, has bubble that expands, forms by out pocketing, entercoelous

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9
Q

lophotochozoa meaning

A

locophore: modified tentacles
trocophore: larva

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10
Q

phyla in lophotochozoa

A

platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca

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11
Q

Ecdysoza meaning

A

ecdysis: molting

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12
Q

phyla in ecdysoza

A

arthropoda and nematoda

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13
Q

coelom

A

a body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm

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14
Q

acoelomate

A

mesoderm completely fills the blatocoel and a coelom never forms

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15
Q

pseudocoelom

A

mesoderm lines only one side of the blastocoel, leaving a fluid filled blastocoel next to the gut
fluid filled cavity surrounding gut

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16
Q

complete digestive system

A

inward movement of the archenteron continues until the end of the archenteron meets the ectodermal wall of the gastrula. ectoderm and endoderm layers join together,, this joining produces an endodermal tube which now has two openings

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17
Q

incomplete gut

A

gut opens only at the blastopore, gvc

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18
Q

monoecious

A

having bot male and female gonads in the same organism

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19
Q

dioecious

A

having male and female gonads in separate individuals

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20
Q

general features of platyhelminthes

A

free living and parasitic, marine and freshwater, bilateral symmetry, body flattened dorso-ventrally, triploblastic, acoelomate, syncitial tegument, incomplete gut, monoecious, no respiratory, circulatory or skeletal system
circular, longitudinal and dorsoventral muscles

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21
Q

four classes in platyhelminthes

A

turbellaria, trematoda, monogenea and cestoda

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22
Q

features of turbellaria

A

circular, longitudinal and dorsoventral muscles
cilia present
hydrostatic skeleton/ muscle
free living

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23
Q

features of trematoda

A

parasitic
loss of cilia
doesnt have to seek out food, attaches to prey
consist of flukes

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24
Q

features of monogenea

A

parasite to fish, one host
modification of anterior sucker
stay on outside

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25
Q

features of cestoda

A 
loss of digestive system
continuously produced reproductive segments
scolex
germinating zone
parasitic
no GVC
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26
Q

protonephridium

A

contain flame cells, cup shaped with a tuft of flagella extending from the inner face of the cup
flagella drive fluid down the collecting ducts, microvilli absorb nutrients and what ever isnt absorb exits body
collecting cups join together

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27
Q

amplification

A

asexual reproduction in intermediate host, increase numbers

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28
Q

metamerism

A

division of body into segments divided by septa

the derived is tagmata which are functional units in arthropods

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29
Q

general features of annelids

A

protostomic, eucoelomates, metameric, closed circulatory system, hydrostatic skeleton, contain setae

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30
Q

classes of annelids

A

polychaeta, oligochaeta, hirudinea

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31
Q

features of polychaeta

A

marine, benthic, can be errant or sedentary, well developed head, contain parapoda, actively seeking prey

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32
Q

features of oligochaeta

A

has calciferous gland, chloragen tissue, few setae, reduced head, mostly terrestrial

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33
Q

features of hirudinea

A

highly modified annelid, modified digestive tract, freshwater, dorso-ventrally flattened, loss of setae, monoecious, anterior and posterior suckers, loss of septa, partially parasitic

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34
Q

passage of food in digestive system of annelids

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine, anus

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35
Q

how does gas exchange work in annelids

A

goes across skin

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36
Q

how does the circulatory system work in annelids

A

closed, dorsal vessel is a pumping organ and functions as a heart, recieves blood from vessels of the body wall and digestive tract and pumps it into aortic arches
aortic arches function is to maintain a steady pressure of blood in ventral vessel
ventral vessel, serves as aorta, receives blood from the aortic arches and delivers it to brain and rest of body

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37
Q

metanephridia in annelids

A

the nephrostome, ciliate funnel, cilia collect wast from coelom and drawn into nephrostome and tubule go through many tunnels to collect particles to be reabsorbed and what is left over goes through nephridiopore and exits body

38
Q

prostomium

A

has the eyes, tentacles, and sensory palps

part of a two part head, sits in front of peristomium

39
Q

pygidium

A

terminal portion containing anus

40
Q

chloragen tissue

A

stores carbohydrates and can see as yellow tissue along dorsal vessel

41
Q

movement in annelids

A

contractions of circular m. in anterior end lengthen the body pushing the anterior end forward where it anchors
anchoring is accomplished by contraction of longitudinal m. in forward segments, segments become short and wide
setae project outward, dig into walls of burrow to anchor forward segment
contractions of long m. then shorten the rest of the body pulling the posterior end up behind the anchored anterior region

42
Q

why are hirudineas different from other annelids

A

loss of septa and setae
anterior and posterior suckers
dorsoventrally flattened

43
Q

features of gastropoda

A

most diverse, shell or no shell, carnivore, herbavore, detrivore, marine, aquatic, and terrestrial, monoecious or dioecious, torsion (bilateral asymmetry), open circulatory system

44
Q

features of polyplacophora

A

about 1000 species, body is dorsoventrally flattened, dioecious, 8 plates make shell, mostly on rocks

45
Q

features of cephalopoda

A

closed circulatory system, sepia, chromatophores, complex behaviors, very good vision, radula modified into beak, shells modified or reduced or even absent, quick growth rate

46
Q

features of scaphopoda

A

tooth/tusk shells, all marine (subtidal), benthic, univalve with two openings, continuous mantle, no gills, respiration occurs across mantle, tentacles present as captaculum, dioecious

47
Q

general features of molluscs

A

free living, mostly bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, complex digestive system, mono and dioecious, open circulatory system

48
Q

trocophore

A

ancestral larve

49
Q

veliger

A

derived larva, butterfly looking

gastropoda and cephalopoda

50
Q

mollusca radula

A

tonguelike organ, ribbonlike membrane bearing a surface of tiny backward pointing teeth used for feeding, complex muscles help move the radula, the teeth can scrap, tear or cut.
function: to rasp fine particles of food material from hard surfaces and to serve as a conveyer belt for carrying particles in a continuous stream toward the digestive tract
the teeth wears away anteriorly, new rows of teeth are continuously replaced by secretion at its posterior end

51
Q

water flow in bivalve

A

flows through incurrent siphon, enters the mantle cavity and then goes through gills where particles are picked up and then water exits excurrent siphon

52
Q

how digestion works in bivalve

A

filter feeders
incurrent siphon, particles filtered through gills, ciliary tracts direct currents to tiny pores in gills, labial palps secrete mucous which entangles particles going through gills, enters into mouth, esophagus, stomach, style sac in stomach secretes crystaline style which spins and keeps contents in stomach mixed, helps digest enzymes, enters intestine, exits via excurrent siphon

53
Q

function of gills

A

generation of current, capillaries (hemocoel) gas exchange, filer food particles and sort by size from water stream they created and direct food particles forward towards mouth

54
Q

outside layer of shell in bivalve

A

periostracum

55
Q

middle layer of shell in bivalve

A

prismatic layer

56
Q

inner layer of shell in bivalve

A

nacreous layer, secreted by mantle, soft

57
Q

what type of molluscs are not shelled

A

slugs and nudibranchs

58
Q

what are the two type of shells

A

univalve and bivalve

59
Q

what are the two types of symmetry in shells

A

planospiral and conispiral

60
Q

what is planospiral

A

all whorls lay in one single plane, bilaterally symmetrical

61
Q

what is conispiral

A

each succeeding whorl is at the side of the preceding one, bilaterally asymmetrical, the gill, atrium and kidney of right side have been loss

62
Q

how does bilateral asymmetry occur in gastropods

A

Torted exhibit bilateral symmetry, unbalance weight shift for snail to fit into shell, causing internal anatomy to change

63
Q

detorsion

A

derived from torted ancestors, derived evolutionary reversal

64
Q

cephalopod sepia

A

melanin pigment, used as defense mechanism

65
Q

cephalopod closed circulatory system

A

one pair of gills (no cilia), capillaries conduct blood through the gill filaments, entire systemic circulation before the blood reaches the gills, developed branchial hearts at the base of each gill to increase the pressure of blood going through the capillaries

66
Q

cephalopod beak

A

radula modified into beak, when capture prey, beak opens up and crushes it

67
Q

cephalopod acutely sensitive eyesight

A

complex eyes with cornea, lens, chambers and retina

68
Q

cephalopod chromatophores

A

cells in skin that contain pigment granules, muscles control dispersion of color, wether it is concentrated or diluted

69
Q

cephalopod complex behaviors

A

communicate with visual signals

70
Q

cephalopod highly modified or absent shell

A

mantle becomes new shell, contains gas chambers that help with buoyancy

71
Q

function of cataculum

A

tentacles in scaphopods that sweep through sediment to find food particles

72
Q

general features of nematodes

A

pseudocoelmates, parietal peritoneum, free living and parasitic, aquatic, terrestrial, saprobic, not well developed head, dioecious, eutelic, no flagellated cells ever, posess a cuticle, hydrostatic skeleton, longitudinal muscles only, only move one way, nervous, excretory and digestive system

73
Q

eutelic

A

adults always made up of same number of cells

74
Q

how would eutelic help in studies of development

A

generate mutants to see in what way they are different based on the number of cells, create developmental fate map, shows patterns of differentiation, move cells around

75
Q

syncitial tegument

A

acellular and multinucleate, no cell division shown under microscope

76
Q

significance of cuticle and hypodermis in nematode

A

cuticle in nematode is a non cellular layer made up of protein (collagen), no markings or patterns, in order to grow cuticle must break away from body,
hypodermis is synicitial, acellular or multinucleate layer

77
Q

anthozoa are only

A

polyp, no medusa

78
Q

cubozoa have what domination in growth

A

medusae

79
Q

hydrozoa are both

A

polyp and medusae

80
Q

hydrozoa contain

A

hydra and obelia

81
Q

scyphozoa are what dominantly

A

medusae

82
Q

what are four classes of cnidarians

A

hydrozoa, anthozoa, scyphozoa, cubozoa

83
Q

what is a radial canal

A

extension of gvc

84
Q

function of oral arm

A

direct food into mouth

85
Q

function of ropalium

A

sensory structure

86
Q

how does velum work with movement

A

increases H2O pressure when pushing water out which increases velocity for faster swim

87
Q

statoliths contain

A

statocysts

88
Q

what happens in cell development

A

cell division
cell differentiation
cell migration
control cell death

89
Q

schizocoelous

A

tissue splits open creating new space

90
Q

enterocoelous

A

digestive tract forms, has bubble that expands

91
Q

parapodia contain

A

notapodium, setae, and neuropodium

92
Q

torsion

A

movement of shell 90 degrees or more, causing anus and other internal organs to move, gi tract

Zoology (7 decks)

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