Test 2 Flashcards
What does anthropology study?
The science of human biological variation, and human ancestry.
VARIATION AND ANCESTRY.
What perspectives make up anthropology?
Holistic, relativistic, comparative, and bio cultural.
What is a socio-cultural system?
Human population existing within a particular ecological context.
Ecological: relation of living organisms to one another and their physical surroundings.
What are some of the variables that are associated with the composition of a population?
Fertility rates, mortality and morbidity rates, and migration rates.
FM^3=population composition variables.
What is demography?
Study of Population Characteristics.
This is also the specialty of MANY social scientists.
What are subsistence strategies?
Means of obtaining food.
How do people obtain food?
What are some variables that influence subsistence strategies?
Environment, economy, technology, history, and ideology.
H.I.T.E.E
What is religion?
Symbols that power MOODS and MOTIVATIONS in people.
Beliefs about “transcendent experiences.”
Transcendent: beyond the range of normal physical human experience.
What are the components of religion?
Specialists, myths, and rituals.
What is technology?
Techniques for:
- ) modifying the environment
- ) sustaining life.
This consists of BOTH materials AND knowledge.
What is technology used to produce?
Goods and services. ECONOMY
What is economy?
Social relationships that organize the PRODUCTION, EXCHANGE, and CONSUMPTION of goods and services.
What is social structure?
PATTERNS of human relationships that provide:
1.) framework for all societies.
What are the components of social structure?
Kinship, division of labor, marriage, and status.
K.D.M.S
Political Organization:
POWER and AUTHORITY used to maintain social order.
What are the types of sociopolitical systems?
Bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states.
AGRARIAN: cultivated land or the cultivation of land.
What are bands?
- ) oldest type of socio-political structure
2. ) exist in extreme environments.
How are bands connected?
- ) Genetic and marital kinship
2. ) SUBSISTENCE STRATEGY: foraging (low density and highly mobile).