Chapter 3

Question 1

anti-semitism

Answer 1

hatred of and prejudice against Jews

Question 2

Capitalism

Answer 2

an economic system that protects private property, private ownership of businesses, and the freedom to buy and sell goods and services, with a minimum of government intervention.

Question 3

Class struggle

Answer 3

the basic conflict in any society is between economic classes; capitalists versus the proletariat.

Question 4

Classical liberalism

Answer 4

asserting the dignity of the individual and limited government power.

Question 5

Communism

Answer 5

an ideology critical of capitalism that asserts that the class structure created by the capitalist mode of production perpetuates various facets of society.

Question 6

Communist Manifesto

Answer 6

political pamphlet, written by Karl Marx, describing Marxism and calling for world revolution.

Question 7

Conservation

Answer 7

Ideology emphasizing individual freedom from government controls and maximum personal liberty.

Question 8

Divine Rights of Kings

Answer 8

Bosseut’s idea that monarchies, as representatives of God’s will, entitled them to rule absolutely, ignoring the will and well-being of their subjects.

Question 9

Economic Determinism

Answer 9

The nature of the economy determines the social structure.

Question 10

Equality of opportunity

Answer 10

each person should have an equal chance to develop individual capacities to his or her natural limits; there should be no artificial barriers to personal advancement.

Question 11

Fascism

Answer 11

The supremacy of the nation over the individual.

Question 12

Genocide

Answer 12

Mass murder of an entire empire

Question 13

Goal of the fascist state

Answer 13

a superior race of human beings

Question 14

The Holocaust

Answer 14

the murder of million of Jews, as well as millions belonging to other religious, ethnic, and cultural groups, in Nazi death camps during WWI.

Question 15

Ideology

Answer 15

an integrated system of ideas of bellies that rationalizes and justifies the exercise of power, influencing how power is exercised.

Question 16

Inalienable rights

Answer 16

rights not granted by government but belonging to individuals by virtue of their natural human condition.

Question 17

laissez-faire

Answer 17

French for “let it be,” refers to a “hands off’ approach, or a limited role of the government in economic capacity.

Question 18

limited government

Answer 18

the idea that government cannot violate the rights that it was established to protect; government power over the individual is limited.

Question 19

Libertarianism

Answer 19

ideology that advocates that government should take a “hands-off” approach in most matters.

Question 20

Modern Liberalism

Answer 20

government power is seen as a positive force in protecting the individual.

Question 21

nationalization

Answer 21

government seizure of industries from private owners.

Question 22

natural law

Answer 22

the premise that the laws that govern human behavior come from the nature of humans themselves and can be universally applied.

Question 23

social contract

Answer 23

the idea that government arises from an implied contract among people as a means of protecting their rights.

Question 24

Socialism

Answer 24

collective ownership of the means of production, distribution, and service.

Question 25

Totalitarianism

Answer 25

incorporates all sections of society into the state.