Chapter 4

Question 1

Biological Anthropology

Answer 1

The study of humans as biological organisms.

Question 2

Chiefdom

Answer 2

A centralized society in which power is concentrated in a single chief who heads a ranked hierarchy of people.

Question 3

Cultural Generalization

Answer 3

The description of commonly shared values, beliefs, and behaviors in a society.

Question 4

Cultural Relativity

Answer 4

Suspending judgment of other societies’ customs, practices, and institutions.

Question 5

Family

Answer 5

Traditionally defined as the residential kin group.

Question 6

Folkways

Answer 6

A trivial norm that guides action.

Question 7

Functionalism

Answer 7

A perspective in anthropology that emphasizes that cultural institutions and practices serve individual or societal needs.

Question 8

What are the functions of power in a society?

Answer 8

To maintain internal peace, organize and direct community enterprises, conduct warfare, rule and exploit.

Question 9

Gender-based Differences

Answer 9

The cultural characteristics linked to male and female that fine people as masculine and feminine.

Question 10

Idealism

Answer 10

A perspective in anthropology that focuses on the importance of ideas determining culture.

Question 11

Intensification

Answer 11

When population growth causes increased use and exploitation of the environment.

Question 12

Kinship Group

Answer 12

People related to one another by blood.

Question 13

Linguistic Anthropolgy

Answer 13

A method of analyzing societies in terms of human communication, including its origins, history, and contemporary variation and change.

Question 14

Materialist Perspective

Answer 14

A perspective in anthropology that focuses on how people make their living in a specific environmental setting.

Question 15

Mores

Answer 15

Important norms that carry moral authority.

Question 16

Multiculturalism

Answer 16

Acknowledging, protecting, and promoting multiple cultures and subcultures.

Question 17

Monogamy

Answer 17

A marriage union of one husband and one wife.

Question 18

Nation

Answer 18

A society that sees itself as one people with a common culture, history, ideology, language, set of institutions, and territory.

Question 19

Patriarchal Family

Answer 19

The male is the dominant authority, and kinship is determined through the male line.

Question 20

Political System

Answer 20

Organization and distribution of power in a society.

Question 21

Public-Private split.

Answer 21

The theory that men dominate in the public arena and women focus on the private and domestic arena.

Question 22

Religion

Answer 22

A set of beliefs and practices pertaining to supernatural powers and the origins and meaning of life.

Question 23

Sanction

Answer 23

A reward or punishment for conforming to or violating cultural norms.

Question 24

Socialization Process

Answer 24

Process by which culture is communicated to successive generations.

Question 25

Subculture

Answer 25

The variation in ways of life within a society

Question 26

Socio-cultural Anthropology

Answer 26

The study of living peoples and their cultures.

Question 27

Tribe

Answer 27

A group of separate bands or villages sharing a common language and culture who come together for a greater security.