Chapter 1

Question 1

Power

Answer 1

The ability to affect how others act through the real or threatened use of reward and punishment.

Question 2

Elite

Answer 2

The few who have power.

Question 3

Legitimacy

Answer 3

Belief that the exercise of power is right and proper.

Question 4

Authority

Answer 4

power that is exercised legitimately.

Question 5

Rational-legal authority

Answer 5

legitimacy conferred by rules that are agreed on by both leaders and followers.

Question 6

Ideology

Answer 6

System of ideas about values, and the ideal role of government in particular.

Question 7

History

Answer 7

The recording, narrating, and interpreting of human experience.

Question 8

Social science

Answer 8

the study of human behavior.

Question 9

Interdisciplinary

Answer 9

the study of a topic using ideas, methods, and data from all of the social sciences.

Question 10

Anthropology

Answer 10

the study of how people and their ways of life.

Question 11

Society

Answer 11

a group of people who depend on one another and share a common culture.

Question 12

Archaeology

Answer 12

The study of the physical and cultural characteristics of peoples and societies that existed proper to recorded history.

Question 13

Prehistory

Answer 13

The time before written records.

Question 14

Culture

Answer 14

The ways of life that are common to a society.

Question 15

political science

Answer 15

The study of government and politics.

Question 16

Economics

Answer 16

The study of the production and distribution of scare goods and services.

Question 17

Psychology

Answer 17

The study of the behavior of people and animals.

Question 18

Biological psychology

Answer 18

the study of electrical and chemical events in the brain and nervous system as determinants of behavior.

Question 19

Behavioral psychology

Answer 19

The study of human and animal responses.

Question 20

Social psychology

Answer 20

the study of interpersonal behavior.

Question 21

Psychoanalytic (Freudian) psychology

Answer 21

The study of the effects of subconscious feelings and early childhood experiences on behavior.

Question 22

Humanistic psychology

Answer 22

the study of the growth and development of the human personality.

Question 23

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 23

an approach to psychology that emphasizes how people learn about themselves and their environment.

Question 24

personality

Answer 24

all the enduring, organized ways of behavior that characterize an individual.

Question 25

Sociology

Answer 25

the study of relationships among individuals and groups.

Question 26

Social stratification

Answer 26

the classification and ranking of members of a society.

Question 27

Powerlessness

Answer 27

a sociopsychological condition of hopelessness, indifference, distrust, and cynicism.

Question 28

Sovereignty

Answer 28

A nation’s authority over internal affairs, freedom from outside intervention and recognition by other nations.

Question 29

Main Point #1

Answer 29

Ideology - that is, individual’s belief about the extent to which government should be involved in peoples’ lives - and historical perspective provide the context in which power is exercised.

Question 30

Main Point #2

Answer 30

Each of the social sciences - economics, anthropology, psychology, sociology, and political science - analyzes power within the framework of that discipline.

Question 31

Main Point #3

Answer 31

Power is useful in analyzing social problems in the US.