Test 2 Flashcards
4 types of sensory memory
Afterimages
Visible Persistence
Motion Perception
Informational Persistence
Afterimages
Sensory experience observed due to the reactive response in sensory receptors due to overstimulation or prolonged stimulation
Visible Persistence
Temporal integration of static vision over 0.1 sec (Vince Di Lollo) show display 1 of dots, remove it, show another display and ask where the missing dot is: if the delay is less than 0.1 second, we see a combination of the arrays and it’s easy to see where the missing dot is.
Motion Perception
Integration over space and time (combining information from before and now)
Informational Persistence
Iconic memory; meaning is briefly available
Proactive interference
Information learned previously interferes with learning new information.
Retroactive Interference
New information interferes with remembering old information.
Recognition by parts Analysis
(Biederman, see p. 208-210)
• Objects represented by a small set of geons (geometric ions) and their spatial relations
• Geons + spatial relationships = structural description
Specialized Modules
(Kanwisher) Specialized brain areas for processing certain
stimuli: faces, places, bodies; sparse coding
Distributed Representations
(Jim Haxby) Faces and objects represented by distributed patterns of activity in ventral temporal cortex
Expertise
(Gauthier) Fusiform area important for expert processing:
subordinate-level recognition, not face recognition
Articulatory Suppression
interference with operation of the phonological loop that occurs when a person repeats an irrelevant word such as “the” while carrying out a task that requires the phonological loop.
Central executive
The part of working memory that coordinates the activity of the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad.
Episodic Buffer
- A component added to Baddeley’s WM model that serves as a “backup” store that communicates with both LTM and the components of WM.
- Holds info longer and has greater capacity than the phonological loop or visuospatial sketchpad
Anterograde Amnesia
loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact.
Clive Wearing (amnesiac patient)
Musician and choral director; viral encephalitis destroyed hippocampus. Severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia “before this I did not exist”
H.M. Amnesiac patient
- Man with epilepsy, experimental treatment removed hippocampus. -Anterograde amnesia: no new memories could form.
- Some retrograde- some episodic memories from before surgery were lost
- No psychosis, dementia, or depression
Double dissociation: Patient H.M. and Clive Wearing
STM and Episodic LTM
D.D.: Patient K.C. and Italian woman
Semantic and episodic LTM
event related potential
measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event.
perseveration
repeatedly performing the same action or thought even if it is not achieving a goal. Patients with frontal lobe damage/ working memory damage, problems controlling attention
coding
the form in which stimuli are represented in the mind, such as visual, semantic, and phonological forms
Elaborative rehearsal
rehearsal that involves thinking about the meaning of an item to be remembered or making connections between that item and prior knowledge.
Encoding specificity
the principle that we learn information together with its context. The presence of context can lead to enhanced memory for the information.
