Test 2

Question 1

4 types of sensory memory

Answer 1

Afterimages
Visible Persistence
Motion Perception
Informational Persistence

Question 2

Afterimages

Answer 2

Sensory experience observed due to the reactive response in sensory receptors due to overstimulation or prolonged stimulation

Question 3

Visible Persistence

Answer 3

Temporal integration of static vision over 0.1 sec (Vince Di Lollo) show display 1 of dots, remove it, show another display and ask where the missing dot is: if the delay is less than 0.1 second, we see a combination of the arrays and it’s easy to see where the missing dot is.

Question 4

Motion Perception

Answer 4

Integration over space and time (combining information from before and now)

Question 5

Informational Persistence

Answer 5

Iconic memory; meaning is briefly available

Question 6

Proactive interference

Answer 6

Information learned previously interferes with learning new information.

Question 7

Retroactive Interference

Answer 7

New information interferes with remembering old information.

Question 8

Recognition by parts Analysis

Answer 8

(Biederman, see p. 208-210)
• Objects represented by a small set of geons (geometric ions) and their spatial relations
• Geons + spatial relationships = structural description

Question 9

Specialized Modules

Answer 9

(Kanwisher) Specialized brain areas for processing certain

stimuli: faces, places, bodies; sparse coding

Question 10

Distributed Representations

Answer 10

(Jim Haxby) Faces and objects represented by distributed patterns of activity in ventral temporal cortex

Question 11

Expertise

Answer 11

(Gauthier) Fusiform area important for expert processing:

subordinate-level recognition, not face recognition

Question 12

Articulatory Suppression

Answer 12

interference with operation of the phonological loop that occurs when a person repeats an irrelevant word such as “the” while carrying out a task that requires the phonological loop.

Question 13

Central executive

Answer 13

The part of working memory that coordinates the activity of the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad.

Question 14

Episodic Buffer

Answer 14

• A component added to Baddeley’s WM model that serves as a “backup” store that communicates with both LTM and the components of WM.
• Holds info longer and has greater capacity than the phonological loop or visuospatial sketchpad

Question 15

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 15

loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact.

Question 16

Clive Wearing (amnesiac patient)

Answer 16

Musician and choral director; viral encephalitis destroyed hippocampus. Severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia “before this I did not exist”

Question 17

H.M. Amnesiac patient

Answer 17

• Man with epilepsy, experimental treatment removed hippocampus. -Anterograde amnesia: no new memories could form.
• Some retrograde- some episodic memories from before surgery were lost
• No psychosis, dementia, or depression

Question 18

Double dissociation: Patient H.M. and Clive Wearing

Answer 18

STM and Episodic LTM

Question 19

D.D.: Patient K.C. and Italian woman

Answer 19

Semantic and episodic LTM

Question 20

event related potential

Answer 20

measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event.

Question 21

perseveration

Answer 21

repeatedly performing the same action or thought even if it is not achieving a goal. Patients with frontal lobe damage/ working memory damage, problems controlling attention

Question 22

coding

Answer 22

the form in which stimuli are represented in the mind, such as visual, semantic, and phonological forms

Question 23

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 23

rehearsal that involves thinking about the meaning of an item to be remembered or making connections between that item and prior knowledge.

Question 24

Encoding specificity

Answer 24

the principle that we learn information together with its context. The presence of context can lead to enhanced memory for the information.

Question 25

Cryptoamnesia

Answer 25

unconscious plagiarism of the work of others. Associated with errors in source monitoring.

Question 26

Working memory

Answer 26

A limited capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as comprehension, learning, and reasoning.