Test 2 Flashcards
This is the prominent bump at base of neck
vertebra prominens
These are the bones ends
Epiphysis
Provides an attachment for temporal muscle on mandible
coronoid process
This layer of spongy bone that is rich in red marrow (produces rbc’s) is called?
diploë
cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapula, are examples of what type of bones?
flat bones
This part of the humerous is know as the “pulley”
trochlea
This is found between the tubercles, for passage of tendon from biceps
intertubercular groove
What is the internal bone surface (next to medullary cavity) called?
endosteum
This is?
alveolar process
medial border
Sutures where extra bones where cranial plates are formed
wormian
attaches muscles of tongue and neck
styloid process
What is the midline of supraorbital ridge called?
glabella
This is?
ischium
C3 -C6 the spinous process is forked and looks like a snakes tounge
bifid
What is number 9?
Diaphysis
These are small rounded and flat bones
sesamoid
blue is?
medial phalanges
This is ?
nasal bone
A is ?
acromial end
ischial ramus
Inorganic materials primarily calcium salts are apart of what bone function?
Mineral Storage
“cap placed”, where radius articulates
capitulum
F is the?
trochlea
Number 28 is ?
parietal bones
Slide 5 CH 6 pt 2
This type of hyaline cartilage supports external nose
nasal cartilages
pad of fibrocartilage connecitng ishium
pubic symphysis
What is the double-layered membrane on surface of bone with many nerve fibers and blood vessels
periosteum
“the thinker”, nerves and blood vessels to lower lip, chin
mental foramen
What is the long axis of the body that includes most bones that enclose organs
Axial skeleton
cheek bones
zygomatic bones
Number three is?
cribriform plate
23 is?
anterior superior iliac spines
This is found on the forontal bone and allows for arteries and nerves to pass through the parietal bone
supraorbital foramen
This vertabra does not have a spinous process
Atlas
coracoid process
These____ irregular bones that make up the face are called?
14, facial bones
known as the thumb
pollex
humerus
pubis
clavicle
What are two areas where Elastic Cartilage can be found
a. pinna- external ear
b. epiglottis - helps cover opening of larynx during swallowing
“plow”, base of nasal septum
vomer
This is?
maxilla
bump on back of head
external occipital protuberance
form cranial floor and part of the orbits
greater and lesser wings
“hides behind mandible”, not attached to other bones, movable base for the tongue attachment
hyoid bone
articulates with temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
mandibular condyle
form the hinge joint with the humerus
trochlear or semilunar notch
G is?
neck
The black arrow is pointing to?
annulus fibrosus
This type of hyaline cartilage can be found connects ribs to sternum
costal cartilage
A is?
greater wing
C is
greater tubercle
Name these structures
occipital condyles
“sword like” landmark during CPR
xiphoid process
Five is?
middle conchae
What is the front part of lower jaw
body of the mandible
What are the five functions of bones?
support, protection, movement, Mineral Storage, and Hematopoiesis
honey-combed area of ethmoid bone
left and right lateral masses and ethmoid sinuses
This is the?
Pelvic girdle
Name the bones in the Axial Skeleton
skull, vertebral column and rib cage
arm or brachium, “funny bone“
humerus
These are immovable joints with fibrous connective tissue
sutures
C is?
vertebral foramen
The inner layer of the periosteum is called the?
osteogenic layer
attaches deltoid muscle on shaft of humerous
deltoid tuberosity
This is ?
mandibular notch
for air turbulence in nasal cavity
inferior nasal concha
ribs 8-12 are?
false ribs
Number 4 is?
Medullary Cavity
These are the steps in ?
- in fetus, select mesenchymal cells form osteoblasts
- osteoblasts form ossification center, secreting osteoid
- ossification occurs slowly within the osteoid matrix
- trapped osteoblasts become osteocytes (in lacunae)
Intramembranous Ossification
sacral hiatus
This is?
ischial spine
a.where you’re sitting, where walking muscles attach
ischial tuberosity
A is?
coronoid fossa
The outer layer of the periosteum is madeup of what type of dense connective tissue?
dense irregular connective tissue
Cartilage: mostly ____________ ; makes it ______________; also has proteins and fibers
water, springy
breast bone, looks like a “Greek dagger”
sternum
This part of the axial skeleton protects brain and guards entrance to digestive and respiratory system
skull
This is found around entire shaft and helps to resist twisting of bone
circumferential lamellae
attachment points for muscles on illium
superior iliac spines
hematopoiesis is the formation of ?
red blood cells
head of radius
This cartilage has parallel rows of chondrocytes alternate with collagen
Fibrocartilage
This region goes through the center of the osteon;
contains blood vessels and nerves
Haversian canal
1st step in Endochondral Ossification
Starts in the diaphysis known as the Primary ossification center
Name purple region
xiphoid process
Area in spine where there is no intervertebral disc
Between Atlas and Axis or C1 and C2
This lines the interior of the medulary cavity?
endosteum
This is for for blood vessels and nerves found between S1-S5
sacral foramen
form cheekbones with zygomatic bone
zygomatic processes of maxilla
Name colored region
parietal bones
A medical procedure where there is a tap usually done between L3 and L4
lumbar puncture: spinal tap
Desnse bone is called
compact bone
passage for the sciatic nerve on illium
greater sciatic notch
This spinous processes is long and points down sharply
thoracic
Name this
styloid process
This is called the “cock’s comb”, attaches dura mater, secures brain
crista galli
capitulum
This is growth of cartilage from (between cells)
- chondrocytes within growth area secrete matrix between cells
interstitial growth
external ear canal
external auditory meatus
connects the radius and ulna
interosseous membrane
What is number 8 ?
Proximal Epiphysis
Connective tissues are composed of cells surrounded by a ?
extracellular matrix
This type of cartilage helps with support, flexibility and resilience.
Hyaline Cartilage
gap in back between S4 and S5
sacral hiatus
hyoid bone
________ cartilage has spherical _________ fibers in its matrix and is the most abundant ___cartilage
hyaline, collagen, skeletal
“big hole” for spinal cord
foramen magnum
notch for for nerve passage
suprascapular notch
This is?
mandibular condyle
This is?
mandibular fossa
styloid process of radius
The red arrow is pointing to?
nucleus pulposus
calcaneous and patellae are two examples of what type of bone
sesamoid
B is?
lateral epicondyles
This opening in the bone allows for nerve fibers, blood vessels & lymphatic vessels to interior of the bone
nutrient foramen
What are the three long bones of the legs ?
femur, tibia, fibula
holds teeth in place
alveolar process
A-D
scaphoid, lunate, triquetal, pisiform (Sally left the party)
rotates around the ulna
radius
Name of swayback?
lordosis
“Ole’s crayon”, cavity in back of elbow
olecrannon fossa
largest of the 3 fused coxic bones
ilium
Suture across the top of the head, parietal/frontal
coronal
lateral area of scapula articulates with humerus
glenoid fossa
part of vertebrae with “centrum” this is also weight bearing
vertebral body
lower jaw, largest, strongest bone of the face
mandible
This type of bone has inside areas of bone with open spaces
spongy bone (trabecular bone
These turbinates help air move in nose
superior and middle conchae
What is an example of a short bone found in the wrist?
carpal
These are little beams that strengthen areas of stress found in spongy bone
trabeculae
acetabulum
acromion process
anchors the biceps muscle found on radius
radial tuberosity
What is the name of this suture?
squamosal
this bone stands on its head
head of ulna
inferior nasal concha
inflammation of connective tissues squeeze tendons and median nerve causing pain, and loss of mobility
carpal tunnel syndrome
What is the name of this suture?
coronal suture
part of radius that is knob-like, a head on a nail
head
small bone at the base of the pelvis
pubis
A is?
body
These are found on the humerus for muscle attachment
greater and lesser tubercles
shoulder blades, flat side near ribs
scapula
This is called?
sella turcica
This is?
infraorbital foramen
Ilium
palatine bones
articulates with palatine bone to form hard palate
palatine process
These are paired walls of the cranium
parietal bones
hematopoiesis is found in flat bones but it is also found in irregualr bones such as the ?
, coxae
What are the two long bones of the hands?
metacarpals & phalanges
pectoral girdle
“Turkish saddle” holds pituitary; upper part of body
sella turcica
“beyond the carpals” palm of hand, heads make knuckles
metacarpals
This is the shaft of the long bone?
Diaphysis
“extreme end of the spine”, fastens to clavicle
acromion process
F is?
deltoid tuberosity
What is the remnant of epiphyseal plate in adults
epiphyseal line
periosteum has what two layers
outer and inner layers
What is this called?
foramen magnum
sternum body
This is where olfactory nerves pass through holes
cribriform plate
What is this called?
zygomatic process of temporal bone
Open porous bone is called
spongy bone
pterodactyl, attach muscles for chewing
pterygoid processes
Spongy bone is filled with_______marrow
red
This is a fat found in the Medullary Cavity
yellow marrow
keystone of face
maxilla
head of ulna
“near little finger” “crescent wrench”
ulna
Found in C1-C6 this allows blood vessels to travel the brain
transverse foramen
This is the forarm
antebrachium
This forms vertebral canal for spinal cord
vertebral foramen
This type of bone is found in high stress areas?
compact bone
There are low levels of hematopoiesis found in these areas of spongy bone
heads of femur and humerus
“slipped disc”, rupture of annulus fibrosus and protrusion of pulposus, causes pain/numbness, presses on the spinal cord or spinal nerves
herniated disc
This type of hyaline cartilage reinforce respiratory tubes
bronchial cartilage
This is?
mandibular foramen
vertebral column
Names these bones
zygomatic bones
Name number 8
Forntal bone
sternum
how most human bones are formed
Endochondral Ossification
articulates with ribs 2-7
sternum body
D is?
spinous process
immovable joints with fibrous connective tissue
sutures
sacral foramen
This lambdoidal suture is found around the edge of the temporal bone
squamosal
Suture around the edge of the temporal bone
squamosal
This is the membrane around cartilage
perichondrium
This is called
pterygoid processes
“handle” articulates with first rib, has a jugular notch
manubrium
joint for jaw (TMJ) jaw; “clicks”
mandibular fossa
D is ?
body
This type of bone has a relatively complex shape
irregular bones
This is?
mandible
This type of cartilage is characterized as having more elastin fibers
Elastic Cartilage
separates the coronoid process and mandibular condyle
mandibular notch
Name for hunchback?
kyphosis
This is ?
lacrimal bones
superior border
rim around base of head
neck
These are mature bone cells in lacunae
osteocytes
This is ?
zygomatic processes of maxilla
part of nasal septum, “deviated septum” when not straight
perpendicular plate
Posterior portion of mandible with several features
ramus
Name this
temporal bone
H is?
olecrannon fossa
This is growth of cartilage from the outside (from perichondrium)
appositional growth
This “pulp”, gives elasticity and compressibiltiy to . intervertebral discs
nucleus pulposus
have lacrimal fossa: tear duct drains into nasal cavity
lacrimal bones
2 fused coxae or innominate bones
Pelvic girdle
form bridge of nose
nasal bones
Blood cell formation in red bone marrow is called?
Hematopoiesis
This part of bone fills gaps between forming osteons
interstitial lamellae
ulna
This area of a long bone has a thick collar of compact bone
Diaphysis
What is this structure?
external occipital protuberance
The most active area for hematopoiesis is in the?
diploë
What is the cartilaginous area that provides for bone lengthening during growth
epiphyseal plate
attaches to the pubis
ischial ramus
5 is ?
ala
collagen fibers that sew fibrous layer of periosteum into bone matrix
Sharpey’s fibers
Bone of the forhead
frontal bone
E-H
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (to take Cathy home)
Suture found on top of head, parietals
sagittal
Vertebral bones are examples of what type of bones?
irregular bones
The ilium, ishium, pubis are all irregular bones of the ?
pelvis
openign allows for arteries and nerves to pass
supraorbital foramen
34
inferior part of notch (coronoid - ulna)
coronoid process
hard palate
palatine bones
Number 2 is ?
left lateral mass
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral are all called lumbar?
curvatures
Ribs 11 and 12 are?
floating ribs
green is?
proximal
phalanges
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage
B is?
lesser wing
Know as your fingers
phalanges
This type of ossification includes how flat bones of skull & the clavicles are formed; formation of flat bones from fibrous tissue; occurs in layers
Intramembranous Ossification
glenoid fossa
These are cartilage cells; found in lacunae within extracellular matrix
chondrocytes
These are found at right angles to osteons, for blood and nerve supply
perforating (Volkmann’s) canals
This is the pivot for the altas found on the axis
odontoid process or dens
Spongy bone produces?
red blood cells
stabilizes medial side of wrist
styloid process
What are the three long bones of the arm
humerus, radius, ulna
The bones of the Appendicular Skeleton include ?
bones of arms & legs; pectoral and pelvic girdles
When bone cartilge forms and a cavity begins to form in center of cartilage model this is what part of Endochondral Ossification?
Primary ossification
where dentists inject Novocain
mandibular foramen
small canals that connect lacunae to each other and to the central canal
canaliculi
The primary role of this cartilage is flexability
Elastic Cartilage
Name this
transverse foramen
diploë is found sandwiched between compact bone in what type of bone?
flat bone
What is the name for bone formation that includes ossification, bone development, remodeling and repair?
Osteogenesis
Hematopoietic Tissues is what is reffered to as?
red bone marrow
Number 1 is?
Crista gali
lateral curvature
scoliosis
This is?
mastoid process
This is?
interveterbral foramen
you can sometimes see sinuses on dental x-rays
maxillary sinus
needs pic
“vinegar cup”, joint with femur
acetabulum
Name three places where fibrocartialge can be found
menisci (pads) of knee
pubic symphysis-between coxae (hip bones)
intervertebral discs- between vertebrae
22 is?
greater sciatic notch
Six is?
perpendicular plate
What is an example of a short bone found in the ankle?
tarsals
concentric layers of extracellular matrix found within osteons
lamellae
Name this location
interveterbral foramen
lateral border
This type of ossification is how most human bones are formed - bone tissue replaces a hyaline cartilage model
Endochondral Ossification
osteoblasts and osteoclasts
are found in what layer of the periosteum?
Inner inner osteogenic layer
Name number 9
glabella
flaring upper part of the ilium
ala
“beak of cuckoobird”, vestigial tailbone, fused 3-5 bones
coccyx
B is?
vertebral “neural” arch
3 triangular borders of scapula
superior, medial, lateral
radial tuberosity
This part of humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa
head of humerus
Orange is?
distal phalanges
very mobile, not very strong part of appendicular skeleton
pectoral girdle
The outer menbrane of bone is called?
periosteum
bone tissue replaces a hyaline cartilage model
Endochondral Ossification
What is the name of this suture?
sagittal suture
What is a long bone in the axial skeleton?
clavicles
Green area is?
trochlear or semilunar notch
This part of the long bone is covered by articular cartilage
Epiphysis
D is?
sternal end
These are internal air filled chambers that make bones lighter and have a mucus membrane lining
frontal sinuses
olecranon process
This suture may contain wormian bones, occipital/parietal
lambdoidal
distal carpals
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (to take Cathy home)
This is found between orbits, above nose
ethmoid bone
Name this bone
occipital bone
relatively thin, spongy bone found within layers of compact bone
flat bones
Bone where hair turns white first
temporal bone
Bone that is known as “butterfly”, keystone, sinuses
sphenoid bone
coccyx
coronoid process of ulna
posterior point of the elbow
olecranon process
Name this
sphenoid bone
Elongated cylinders parallel to long axis of bone are called?
osteons
internal air filled chambers, make bones lighter, mucus membrane lining
frontal sinuses
opening below the eye for nerve and artery
infraorbital foramen
These are extra bones as cranial plates are formed
wormian
This type of hyaline cartilage forms the larynx
laryngeal cartilage
This type of hyaline cartilage can be found covering the end of bones
articular cartilage
D is?
lesser tubercles
styloid process
small wrist bones
carpals
Bone on the back of the head
occipital bone
obturator foramen
suprascapular notch
ring of “fibers” surrounds pulposus in intervertebral discs
annulus fibrosus
“clavichord” means key
clavicle
This articulates with 1st vertebra
occipital condyles
These bones form the wall of the cranium (sides and back)
parietal bones
ischial tuberosity
flexible irregular bones that protect the spinal column
vertebral column or spine
proximal carpals
scaphoid, lunate, triquetal, pisiform (Sally left the party)
Known as the tuch
ischium
E is?
facets
4 is?
iliac crest
name this
vertebra prominens
stabilizes wrist under thumb found on radius
styloid process
Ribs 1-7 are
ture ribs
What is lacking in cartilage?
nerves and blood vessels
vomer
What are the two long bones of the feet?
metatarsals & phalanges
This includes the skull yet excluding the mandible; includes flat bones that protect and contain the brain, and the bones of the facial skeleton
cranium
A is?
head of humerus
What is the name of this suture?
Lambdoid suture
These vertabrae articulate with the ribs through demifacets
thoracic
“crow’s beak” where pectoralis muscle attaches
coracoid process
This is ?
coronoid process
articulates with the zygomatic bone, cheek bone
zygomatic process
Skeletal Cartilage is found where what movment is needed?
flexability
This is?
mental foramen
This is called?
external auditory meatus
3 is?
metacarpals
The central cavity of the long bone is the?
Medullary Cavity
Blue area is?
interosseous membrane
“massive” behind ear; anchors neck muscles
mastoid process
end of ridge (posterior) of scapula
spinous process
This internal membrane of bone covers spongy bone in marrow cavities
endosteum
Name this
pterygoid processes
a. can be compressed
b. great tensile strength
c. found in areas of high pressure
These are all characteristics of what type of cartilage
fibrocartilage
This is?
ramus
funny bone (ulnar nerve)
lateral epicondyles
midline of supraorbital ridge
glabella
9
Four is?
ethmoid sinuses
These are known as shock absorbers
intervertebral discs
What is number 10 ?
Distal Epiphysis
E is?
intertubercular groove
This part of the hand only has two phalanges
pollex
