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BIO 201 > CH 8 > Flashcards

CH 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How are joints classified by function?

A

by amount of movement allowed at the joint

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2
Q

These are immovable joints

A

synarthroses

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3
Q

slightly movable joints are called?

A

amphiarthroses

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4
Q

These joints are freely movable and ligaments hold it together with a wide range of motion

A

diarthroses

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5
Q

How are joints classified by structure?

A

by the materials that join them together

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6
Q

Synarthroses joined by fibrous tissue, no joint cavity present. What type of joint is this?

A

fibrous joints

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7
Q

These joints are connected by cartilage

A

cartilaginous joints

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8
Q

cartilaginous joints epiphyseal plates

A

Synchondrosis

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9
Q

Intervertebral disks of the spine and Pubic symphysis are examples of what type of cartilaginous joints

A

Symphyses

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10
Q

most moveable joints;
diarthroses, fluid-filled joint cavity

A

synovial joints

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11
Q

where 2 bones fuse so boundary disappears (e.g., frontal bones, epiphyseal lines of mature bones)

A

synostosis

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12
Q

joint where bones are connected by a ligament or an interosseous membrane
e.g., between tibia and fibula

A

syndesmosis

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13
Q

where teeth are bolted into bony sockets by periodontal ligament

A

gomphoses

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14
Q

joint between the pubic bones

A

pubic symphysis

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15
Q

synovial joints have what two components ?

A

articular cartilage, synovial cavity

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16
Q

synovial joint cavity is surrounded by a 2-layer capsule

A

articular capsule

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17
Q

synovial joint continuous with periosteum of articulating bones

A

outer fibrous capsule

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18
Q

membrane of loose connective tissue, covers all internal surfaces of synovial joint

A

inner synovial membrane

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19
Q

viscous fluid of hyaluronic acid

A

Synovial fluid

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20
Q

fibrocartilage pad between bones

A

meniscus

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21
Q

cushions the bones

A

fat pads

22
Q

water balloons” in connective tissue, have synovial fluid

A

bursae

23
Q

inflammation from repetitive motion

A

bursitis

24
Q

pressure bursitis at base of big toe

A

bunion

25
Q

limited movement, flat articular surfaces
Ex: carpals and tarsals, clavicle and sternum, vertebrae

A

gliding movements

26
Q

Movement reduces angle between bones

A

flexion

27
Q

increases angle between bones

A

extension

28
Q

goes beyond anatomical position (e.g., head back, trunk back)

A

hyperextension

29
Q

elevate sole, point toes up toward shin

A

dorsiflexion

30
Q

point toes down; stand on tip toes

A

plantar flexion

31
Q

“taken away” from body

A

abduction

32
Q

move “to” the body

A

adduction

33
Q

moving a limb so it describes a cone in space

A

circumduction

34
Q

movement around a central axis

A

rotational movement

35
Q

turning palm down

A

pronation

36
Q

turning palm up

A

supination

37
Q

sole of foot turns medially

A

inversion

38
Q

sole of foot faces laterally

A

eversion

39
Q

moving a part anteriorly Ex: jaw forward

A

protraction

40
Q

moving a part posteriorly Ex: shoulders back

A

retraction

41
Q

moving a part up Ex: shrug shoulders

A

elevation

42
Q

moving something down Ex: open mouth

A

depression

43
Q

grasping of thumb

A

. opposition

44
Q

example of condyloid or ellipsoidal joint

A

phalanges with metacarpals or metatarsals

45
Q

ball and socket diarthrosis shoulder joint greatest range of motion, dislocates easily

A

glenohumeral

46
Q

These ligaments prevent overextension and hyperflexion

A

cruciate ligaments

47
Q

These are two types of knee joints

A

femoropatellar joint and tibiofemoral joint

48
Q

This bone allows for flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumduction and rotation

A

hip (coxal)

49
Q

contains an artery to nourish head of femur

A

ligamentum teres

50
Q

Ligamnet that restricts extension

A

iliofemoral ligament

51
Q

uric acid crystals deposit in soft tissues of joints, big toe

A

gouty arthritis

BIO 201 (12 decks)

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