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BIO 201 > Ch 6 > Flashcards

Ch 6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What activity is under the influence of parathormone

A

Osteoclast Activity

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2
Q

What type of bone is relatively thin, spongy bone found within layers of compact bone

A

flat bones

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3
Q

how flat bones of skull & the clavicles are formed

A

Intramembranous Ossification

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4
Q

: cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

A

sinus

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5
Q

narrow, slit-like opening (orbit of skull)

A

fissure

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6
Q

epiphyseal plate becomes epiphyseal line at ?

A

adulthood (18-21)

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7
Q

fill gaps between forming osteons

A

interstitial lamellae

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8
Q

This type of cartilage is found where flexability is most needed

A

Skeletal Cartilage

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9
Q

ragged, twisting break (sports injury)

A

spiral

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10
Q

This double-layered membrane is on the surface of bone. Has many nerve fibers and blood vessels

A

periosteum

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11
Q

These bones are cube-like and compact

A

short bones

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12
Q

Bones with relatively complex shapes are known as?

A

irregular bones

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13
Q

fracture breaks through the skin

A

open or compound fracture

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14
Q

Elastic cartilage of external ear?

A

pinna

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15
Q

Fibrocartilage found on the pads of the knee

A

menisci

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16
Q

This type of cartilage covers bone ends

A

articular cartilage

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17
Q

What step in Intramembranous Ossification is this?

in fetus, select mesenchymal cells form osteoblasts

A

1

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18
Q

small rounded

projection or process

A

tubercle

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19
Q

This is a type of cartilage growth that forms from the outside (from perichondrium)

A

appositional growth

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20
Q

Where is bone removal during appositional growth?

A

endosteum: osteoclasts remove bone matrix

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21
Q

What step in Intramembranous Ossification is this?

trapped osteoblasts become osteocytes (in lacunae)

A

4

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22
Q

narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent (ilium)

A

crest

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23
Q

This mass of clotted blood may form at fracture site

A

hematoma

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24
Q

small canals that connect lacunae to each other and to the central canal

A

canaliculi

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25
Q

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

A

head

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26
Q

This type skeletal cartilage consists of many elastin fibers. Flexibility most important characteristic.

A

Elastic Cartilage

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27
Q

This structure of bone has shaft of bone;long axis of long bone;has thick collar of compact bone

A

Diaphysis

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28
Q

These are places for attachment or joints on bone

A

Bone Projections

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29
Q

This type of skeletal cartilage has parallel rows of chondrocytes that alternate with collagen. It can be compressed, has high tensile strength, and can be found in areas of high presasure

A

Fibrocartilage

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30
Q

abnormal projection from a bone due to bone overgrowth

A

bone spur

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31
Q

growth hormone stimulates ?

A

growth in childhood

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32
Q

remnant of epiphyseal plate in adults

A

epiphyseal line

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33
Q

internal bone surface (next to medullary cavity), covers spongy bone in marrow cavities, also has osteoblasts & osteoclasts

A

endosteum

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34
Q

rounded articular projection

A

condyle

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35
Q

narrow ridge of bone, smaller than a crest

A

line

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36
Q

sex hormone promote?

A

promote growth spurt, induce epiphyseal plate closure

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37
Q

Elastic cartilage of the opening of the larynx

A

epiglottis

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38
Q

What step in Intramembranous Ossification is this?

osteoblasts form ossification center, secreting osteoid

A

2

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39
Q

canal-like body opening

A

meatus

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40
Q

type of reduction by surgeon using pins or wires or screws

A

open reduction

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41
Q

These are the ends of bones covered by articular cartilage

A

Epiphysis

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42
Q

Where is bone being produced during by appositional bone growth?

A

periosteum: osteoblasts secrete bone matrix

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43
Q

fracture if broken all the way through

A

complete fracture

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44
Q

What step in Endochondral Ossification happens when “area of future diaphysis starting with hyaline cartilage model”

A

1 Primary ossification center

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45
Q

These are found at right angles to osteon and allow for blood and nerve supply

A

perforating (Volkmann’s) canals

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46
Q

negative feedback; antagonistic hormones

A

Hormonal control

47
Q

This type of cartilage has spherical collagen fibers in its matrix, and is the most abundant skeletal cartilage

A

Hyaline Cartilage

48
Q

arm-like bar of bone

A

ramus

49
Q

excess growth hormone in adults

A

acromegaly

50
Q

thyroid hormon regulate?

A

activity of growth hormone

51
Q

This is found around entire shaft, resist twisting of bone

A

circumferential lamellae

52
Q

collagen fibers that sew fibrous layer of periosteum into bone matrix

A

Sharpey’s (perforating) fibers

53
Q

any bony prominence

A

process

54
Q

realignment of the broken bone ends is called?

A

reduction

55
Q

connects ribs to sternum

A

costal cartilage

56
Q

Fibrocartilage found between coxae (hip bones)

A

pubic symphysis

57
Q

furrow of bone is called?

A

groove

58
Q

These are cartilage cells;

found in lacunae within extracellular matrix

A

chondrocytes

59
Q

bone remodeling and deposition osteoblasts need proteins and vitamins, under influence of calcitonin hormone

A

Osteoblast Activity

60
Q

Fibrocartilage found between vertebrae

A

intervertebral discs

61
Q

What part of Endochondral Ossification is this? “occurs at the epiphyses: some of the cartilagenous precursor is retained as an epiphyseal plate”

A

Secondary ossification

62
Q

Fracture where broken ends poke inward

A

depressed

63
Q

This is found through the center of an osteon;
contains blood vessels and nerves

A

Haversian (central) canal

64
Q

Bones of arms & legs; pectoral and pelvic girdles. These are found in what part of the skeleton?

A

Appendicular Skeleton

65
Q

fracture where bone is crushed (osteoporosis)

A

compression fracture

66
Q

Healing time of a fracture is usually ?

A

6-12 weeks

67
Q

Fracture where broken ends are forced into each

A

impacted

68
Q

concentric layers of extracellular matrix

A

lamellae

69
Q

These bones are longer than they are wider

A

long bones

70
Q

Haversian system: elongated cylinders parallel
to long axis of bone

A

osteon

71
Q

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

A

facet

72
Q

What step in Intramembranous Ossification is this?

ossification occurs slowly within the osteoid matrix

A

3

73
Q

not enough growth hormone or thyroid hormones is called?

A

dwarfism

74
Q

Membrane arround cartilage?

A

perichondrium

75
Q

These are mature bone cells in lacunae

A

osteocytes

76
Q

bone is constantly remodeled and repaired
this is called?

A

Bone Homeostasis

77
Q

This is mostly water, makes it springy; also hasd proteins & fibers

A

cartilage

78
Q

Supports body, protects, organs, moves muscles, has mineral storage, and Hematopoiesis. These are functions of ?

A

bone

79
Q

What layer of periosteum has dense irregular connective tissue.

A

outer fibrous layer

80
Q

Fracture if it breaks across the axis

A

transverse

81
Q

This inorganic component provides strength to bones

A

calcium phosphate

82
Q

openings in bone for nerve fibers, blood vessels & lymphatic vessels

A

nutrient foramen

83
Q

This type of cartilage growth happens between cells

A

interstitial growth

84
Q

defective cartilage; limbs too short; head too large

A

achondroplasia

85
Q

excessive growth hormone is known as?

A

gigantism

86
Q

Cartilage that forms the larynx

A

laryngeal cartilage

87
Q

fracture if it break parallels long axis

A

linear

88
Q

Cartilage that reinforces respiratory tubes

A

tracheal and bronchial cartilage

89
Q

cartilaginous area that provides for bone lengthening during growth

A

epiphyseal plate

90
Q

These locations long axis of body, skull, vertebral column and rib cage indicate what location of the skeleton?

A

Axial Skeleton

91
Q

large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

A

trochanter

92
Q

bowed legs, deformed pelvis, skull & rib cage

A

rickets

93
Q

: round or oval opening through a bone

A

foramen

94
Q

Cartilage that supports external nose

A

nasal cartilages

95
Q

rate of cartilage growth is balanced by

A

replacement with bone

96
Q

inside area of bone with open spaces

A

spongy bone (trabecular bone)

97
Q

sandwich shaped flat bone rich in blood marrow

A

diploë

98
Q

. end of growth as mitosis in cartilage cells slows down?

A

during puberty

99
Q

bone resorption faster than replacement

A

osteoporosis

100
Q

This cavity is filled with yellow marrow

A

Medullary Cavity

101
Q

: large rounded projection

A

tuberosity

102
Q

how most human bones are formed - bone tissue replaces a hyaline cartilage model

A

Endochondral Ossification

103
Q

: cast or traction to hold in place to allow healing

A

immobilize

104
Q

Name the layer of the periosteum that has osteoblasts and osteoclasts

A

inner osteogenic layer

105
Q

bones grow in length by

A

interstitial growth at epiphyseal plates

106
Q

break down & resorption of bone

A

Osteoclast Activity

107
Q

This is known as bone formation; includes: ossification, bone development, remodeling and repair

A

Osteogenesis

108
Q

soft bones, lack of calcium, vitamin D, pain

A

osteomalacia

109
Q

: sharp, slender, pointed projection

A

spine

110
Q

shallow, basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

A

fossa

111
Q

raised area on or above a condyle

A

epicondyle

112
Q

Fracture where there is a break along a growth plate in growing child

A

epiphyseal

113
Q

bone breaks incompletely when there is a greater percentage of organic matter in bone (children), common football injury

A

greenstick

BIO 201 (12 decks)

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