test 2 Flashcards
the common “death belief” of all American Indian tribes is:
there is no real death
by the late 17th century and throughout the 18th century, mourning took on a “social character” in Colonial America. This was demonstrated by:
the family giving gifts of rings, scarves, gloves, etc. to the living
in this American Indian tribe, the “Spirit Keeping Ceremony” is very elaborate and lasts 1 year:
Lakota
the “Burial in Woolen Act of 1666” required that woolen cloth be substituted for ________ in the shroud and lining of the coffin
linen
the edict of toleration in 313 AD resulted in:
resulted in dead being buried within city walls
the Counter Reformation of the Catholic Church has the following effect on funeral ritual:
funerals became quite elaborate with decoration and ceremony
during the Middle Ages, clergy were often buried with their feet extending towards the:
east
Written Response
What were the duties of the “Steward of the Guild” and the “Death Crier”?
Steward of the Guild - made the funeral arrangements which included a Requiem Mass, solemn burial, payment of the “soul shot” and distribution of alms to the poor.
Death Crier - person dressed in black with a skull and crossbones painted on his garment
-walked through the town ringing a bell and announcing the name of the decedent and time of death.
this mourning garment of the Middle Ages was a long black cloak:
weed
Written Response
Pretend you are at a funeral in England in the Middle Ages. You do not know the deceased, but you know that the deceased was wealthy. What are 2 indications that tell you the deceased is wealthy?
- The decedent was then wrapped in a sheet of fine linen
-Wax was extremely expensive and so the number of torches/candles used was an indicator of the wealth and importance of the decedent.
a long pleated arrangement of fine linen worn by wealthy widows in the Middle Ages was called a:
barbe
from the 10th-18th century, this type of burial became a nuisance:
intramural
this practice was known as the “vigil for the dead”:
wake
during the wake, a common practice in Medieval England was to:
place a cup of wine with the deceased
Written Response
List 2 duties that the members of the burial club/guide were expected to perform:
- pay for the services of a chaplain as well as candles and other equipment and supplies.
- attend the funerals of deceased members and regularly pray for their souls.
in the mid 18th century, decedents were often wrapped in this covering that was soaked with alum, pitch, or wax:
cerecloth
this was a life sized, waxen, recreation of the deceased:
effigy
in Colonial America, these clergy did not take part in the funeral ceremony:
Puritan
During the Middle Ages, Protestants would sprinkle ________ on the deceased at the graveside.
dirt
this raised platform was used for a decedent to “lie in state”:
catafalque
this American colony was founded in 1630 by the puritans:
Massachusetts Bay
In the middle ages, people began to care more about the ___________ side of death instead of the ___________ side of death, due to the Black Death.
physical, spiritual
this practice involved dismembering the dead and creating multiple burial sites
Independent Heart Burial
this person was responsible for making the funeral arrangements for a member of the burial club:
Steward of the Guild
when a wealthy Anglo-Saxon died in the 5th century
the book of gospels was laid on the deceased
Written Response:
What was the purpose of the “burial clubs?”
burial clubs were formed to help defray funeral expenses because by the 15th Century, religious funeral ceremonies became very important even for the working class
A _________ is an “employee” and a member of the church who takes care of teh grounds and graveyard amongst other duties
sexton
this man had a dispute with the Roman Catholic Church in which he rejected the doctrine of purgatory, the Mass, and the mediation of the priesthood:
Martin Luther
this was the mortuary fee that was paid to ensure entrance of the decedent’s soul into heaven:
soul shot
the economic revolution in 18th century Colonial America had the following effect on mortuary behavior:
- a class system was created in the towns
- Puritans had greater control on town behavior
- funerals in town were an opportunity to display status
at all English funerals in the Middle Ages, a sprig of this plant was thrown into the grave by all who attended the burial:
rosemary
the practice of uncoffined burial by the church in the Middle Ages was precipitated by the
Black Death of the 14th Century
funerals in the Middle Ages were greatly influenced by:
the emergence of the Christian church from persecution
