Test 2 Flashcards
What is ATP
And what is it made of?
a compound called Adenosine and is used as energy
1 carbon-5 sugar (ribose) and 3 phosphate groups
What is photosynthesis
The process of plants converting energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in bonds of carbohydrates
Fill in the blank:
All living cells ____ _____ in chemical bonds of certain ________
1)store
2) energy
3) compounds
What is ADP?
What is it made of?
Compound called Adenine diphosphate that looks similar to ATP but lacks 1 phosphate group
How does energy release in cells?
What kind of energy source is it?
By breaking chemical bonds between atoms in the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups
basic
How do cells use ATP
> carrying out active transport
moving
be transferred to power processes
What is a power process?
need for power
> protein synthesis
> respond to signals
> convert into light
Do cells have a lot of ATP at once? and why?
No; because ATP does not store well and it is more efficient to be used and produce in small amounts
What is a heterotroph?
an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.
what do heterotrophs eat?
plants
they gain energy either directly from plants or indirectly through other animals
What is an autotroph?
An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.
What is pigment?
light absorbing compound
What is chlorophyll?
principal pigment in plants
What is a thylakoid
saclike chlorophyll containing membranes
interconnected and arranged in stacks
What is a stroma
fluid portion of chloroplast located outside the thylakoids
What is NADP+
carrier molecule (compound)
what is a light dependent reaction?
Use energy from sunlight to add 3rd phosphate to ADP to make ATP
Where do light dependent reactions take place
the thylakoid
What are light Independent reactions
build high energy sugars from carbon dioxide
What is needed in order for Photosynthesis to occur
light energy must be captured
How do pigments work in photosynthetic organisms?
pigments capture energy-> chlorophyll a and b absorb the light, however they do not absorb light very well (this is why leaves are green)
Why do leaves turn red and orange in the fall
pigments from red and orange are also not absorbed well and when the temperature drops chlorophyll breaks down first exposing the red and orange
Chloroplasts are surrounded by ____________ _____________
envelope membranes
What are high energy electrons
highly reactive and require a special carrier
What is an example of a carrier
NADP +
What do carriers do
carry 3 high energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion (H+)
What happens after NADP+ carries the electrons and hydrogen bond
It absorbs the hydrogen atom and creates NADPH+
some energy from the electrons trapped inside
What is an electron carrier?
a compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them along with most of the energy to another molecule
Plants use sugars produced by photosynthesis to…
> produce complex carbon structures
provide energy for the synthesis of other compounds
What is the equation for Photosynthesis in words
( light
Carbon dioxide + water ——–> sugars + oxygen
