Quiz 2

Question 1

What is the phospholipid structure and what does it do?

what is its polarity?

Answer 1

The phospholipid structure is a head (which is polar and hydrophilic and made of glycerol and is a phosphate group) and the tail (hydrophobic, nonpolar)

phospholipids are amphiphile.

Question 2

What does it mean to be amphiphile

Answer 2

a chemical compound possessing both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties

Question 3

What is the cell membrane what is its structure and its functions?
What are its properties?
What acronym did you make?

Answer 3

The cell membrane is the outside of a cell that is made of two layers of phospholipids, integral proteins (transport), peripheral proteins (shape cells and enzymes), cholesterol (temp regulation) , glycoproteins ( cell signalling and identification)

semipermeable or selectively permeable

not static and is constantly moving

made of many parts

Ponys
In
Paradise
Pray
Cause
God

Question 4

Cell size and why its important

Answer 4

for efficiency cells need to have a high surface area and that’s why they are so small

Question 5

give 3 examples of passive transport

Answer 5

diffusion of oxygen

facilitated diffusion of glucose

osmosis

Question 6

What is diffusion?

Answer 6

the movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Question 7

Give 3 examples of Active transport

Answer 7

Transport with a protein pump

endocytosis

exocytosis

Question 8

What is the difference between active and passive transport

Answer 8

The use of energy (ATP -> ADP)

Question 9

What is passive transport

Answer 9

passive transport is diffusion (facilitated or not) without the use of ATP

Goes with the gradient of high concentration to low concentration

Question 10

What is active transport

Answer 10

Active transport is the diffusion of molecules with the use of ATP

goes against the flow

Question 11

What is facilitated diffusion

Answer 11

Allows larger molecules and charged ions into the cell with the aid of protein channels (pumps)

fast and specific

does not require energy

Question 12

what is an aquaporin and what does it do

Answer 12

An aquaporin is a channel that allows water into the cell through osmosis

Needed because tails of phospholipids are hydrophobic

Question 13

What is osmosis

Answer 13

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

no energy expended

Question 14

What does Isotonic mean

Answer 14

same strength

Question 15

What does hypotonic mean

Answer 15

below strength (strength: the amount of solute)

Question 16

What does hypertonic mean

Answer 16

above strength (strength: the amount of solute)

Question 17

What is Osmotic pressure

Answer 17

the net movement of water out or into a cell

Question 18

How does Osmosis work

Answer 18

Water moves across membrane until equilibrium is reached

Question 19

What is a proteins pump

Answer 19

pumps molecules and charged ions across the membrane

Question 20

What is endocytosis

Answer 20

Forms a pocket around particle then breaks loose from the membrane to form a vesicle within the cytoplasm

Question 21

What is exocytosis

Answer 21

Particles forced out of the membrane

Question 22

What is the lipid bilayer

Answer 22

a double layer of phospholipids

Question 23

What does it mean to be permiable

Answer 23

to be permeable means to be able to be passed through

Question 24

What does it mean to be selectively permeable

Answer 24

Selectively permeable means to some substances are able to pass through the membrane, while other substances are not able to pass through.

Question 25

How is the cell membrane connected to a mosaic

Answer 25

fluidity if membrane resembles a mosaic

Question 26

What are some examples of Osmosis

Answer 26

Cell in hypertonic solution

Cell in Hypotonic solution

cell in Isotonic solution

Question 27

What happens in these examples of osmosis? Why?

Cell in hypertonic solution

Cell in Hypotonic solution

cell in Isotonic solution

Answer 27

Cell in hypertonic solution: Cell shrinks because the solution has a higher concentration of _____ than the cell and so the water will move out of the cell.

Cell in Hypotonic solution: Cell swells because the solution has a lower concentration of _____ than the cell and so the water will into the cell. Has the possibility of bursting

cell in Isotonic solution: The cell will stay the same and the water will move straight through the cell and not change it at all. (maintain equilibrium)

Question 28

What are the two major types of biological molecules compose the majority of the cell membrane

Answer 28

phospholipid, membrane spanning protein