Quiz 2 Flashcards
What is the phospholipid structure and what does it do?
what is its polarity?
The phospholipid structure is a head (which is polar and hydrophilic and made of glycerol and is a phosphate group) and the tail (hydrophobic, nonpolar)
phospholipids are amphiphile.
What does it mean to be amphiphile
a chemical compound possessing both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties
What is the cell membrane what is its structure and its functions?
What are its properties?
What acronym did you make?
The cell membrane is the outside of a cell that is made of two layers of phospholipids, integral proteins (transport), peripheral proteins (shape cells and enzymes), cholesterol (temp regulation) , glycoproteins ( cell signalling and identification)
semipermeable or selectively permeable
not static and is constantly moving
made of many parts
Ponys
In
Paradise
Pray
Cause
God
Cell size and why its important
for efficiency cells need to have a high surface area and that’s why they are so small
give 3 examples of passive transport
diffusion of oxygen
facilitated diffusion of glucose
osmosis
What is diffusion?
the movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
Give 3 examples of Active transport
Transport with a protein pump
endocytosis
exocytosis
What is the difference between active and passive transport
The use of energy (ATP -> ADP)
What is passive transport
passive transport is diffusion (facilitated or not) without the use of ATP
Goes with the gradient of high concentration to low concentration
What is active transport
Active transport is the diffusion of molecules with the use of ATP
goes against the flow
What is facilitated diffusion
Allows larger molecules and charged ions into the cell with the aid of protein channels (pumps)
fast and specific
does not require energy
what is an aquaporin and what does it do
An aquaporin is a channel that allows water into the cell through osmosis
Needed because tails of phospholipids are hydrophobic
What is osmosis
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
no energy expended
What does Isotonic mean
same strength
What does hypotonic mean
below strength (strength: the amount of solute)
What does hypertonic mean
above strength (strength: the amount of solute)
What is Osmotic pressure
the net movement of water out or into a cell
How does Osmosis work
Water moves across membrane until equilibrium is reached
What is a proteins pump
pumps molecules and charged ions across the membrane
What is endocytosis
Forms a pocket around particle then breaks loose from the membrane to form a vesicle within the cytoplasm
What is exocytosis
Particles forced out of the membrane
What is the lipid bilayer
a double layer of phospholipids
What does it mean to be permiable
to be permeable means to be able to be passed through
What does it mean to be selectively permeable
Selectively permeable means to some substances are able to pass through the membrane, while other substances are not able to pass through.
How is the cell membrane connected to a mosaic
fluidity if membrane resembles a mosaic
What are some examples of Osmosis
Cell in hypertonic solution
Cell in Hypotonic solution
cell in Isotonic solution
What happens in these examples of osmosis? Why?
Cell in hypertonic solution
Cell in Hypotonic solution
cell in Isotonic solution
Cell in hypertonic solution: Cell shrinks because the solution has a higher concentration of _____ than the cell and so the water will move out of the cell.
Cell in Hypotonic solution: Cell swells because the solution has a lower concentration of _____ than the cell and so the water will into the cell. Has the possibility of bursting
cell in Isotonic solution: The cell will stay the same and the water will move straight through the cell and not change it at all. (maintain equilibrium)
What are the two major types of biological molecules compose the majority of the cell membrane
phospholipid, membrane spanning protein
