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Biology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the Scientific method

A

a method of procedure that has characterized natural science consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.

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1
Q

What is a dependent variable

A

a variable whose value depends on that of another

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2
Q

What is a independent variable

A

a variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not depend on that of another.

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3
Q

What is a control variable

A

A control variable in scientific experimentation is an experimental element which is constant and unchanged throughout the course of the investigation.

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4
Q

List & describe the 8 characteristics of life:

A

reproduction: sexual or asexual process of creating a new organism with cells from two or one parent

genetic information: All the information present in a cell, an organism possesses to survive is known as genetic information.

cellular organization:
growth and development: response to stimuli:signal from which an organism responds

adaptation through evolution: the adjustment of organisms to their environment in order to improve their chances at survival in that environment

homeostasis: the state of steady internal, physical, chemical, and social conditions maintained by living systems

metabolism: the chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy

response to stimuli:

has cells:

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5
Q

Are viruses living or nonliving? Why/why not?

A

Most biologists say no. Viruses are not made out of cells, they can’t keep themselves in a stable state, they don’t grow, and they can’t make their own energy.

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6
Q

Are bacteria living or nonliving? Why/why not?

A

are living organisms that consist of single cell that can generate energy, make its own food, move, and reproduce

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7
Q

Abiotic definition:

A

nonliving

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8
Q

Biotic definition

A

living

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9
Q

Levels of biology:
Cats
Take
Objects
Of
People
Cause
Everyone
Blames
Bats

A

Cats ———-> cells
Take———–> tissue
Objects——-> organ system
Of—————> organism
People——–>population
Cause———> community
Everyone—–> ecosystem
Blames——–> biome
Bats————-> biosphere

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10
Q

what are electrons?

A

a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity

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11
Q

What is a neutron?

A

a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge

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12
Q

What is a proton?

A

a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge

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13
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.

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14
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

a form of chemical connection in which one atom loses valence electrons and gains them from another

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15
Q

what is a covalent bond?

A

A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.

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16
Q

What is a hydrogen bond

A

the attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with partial negative charge

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17
Q

Polarity

A

the property of having poles or being polar

18
Q

cohesion

A

attraction of the same molecules of the same substance

19
Q

Adhesion

A

the binding of two or more cells together of different substances

20
Q

Heat Capacity

A

the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a given amount of matter by 1°C

21
Q

Universal Solvent

A

water

22
Q

Capillary Action

A

the tendency of a liquid in a capillary tube or absorbent material to rise or fall as a result of surface tension. Adhesion and cohesion

23
Q

pH scale:

A

ranges from 0 to 14 at the 7 concentration of H+ and OH- is equal below 7 is acid and above us basic or alkaline

24
Q

acidity:

A

the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

25
Q

acids taste______

A

sour

26
Q

Bases taste______

A

bitter

27
Q

Both acids and bases have the ability to…

A

harm organisms and damage materials

28
Q

Why are acids and bases important:

A

enzymes can only do their job at a particular pH

cells secrete acids and bases to maintain pH

29
Q

Structure & Function of: Carbohydrate

A

used to store short term energy and release energy and for structural support

CHO

monosaccharides

Carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) and have the general Cx(H2O)y formula

30
Q

Structure & Function of:
Lipid

A

macromolecules that provide stored long term energy

CHO

a glycerol backbone, 2 fatty acid tails (hydrophobic), and a phosphate group (hydrophilic

31
Q

Structure & Function of:
Protein (amino acids)

A

muscle development, immune system

CHON

amino acids

polypeptide structures consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues

32
Q

Structure & Function of:
Nucleic Acid (nucleotides)

A

DNA RNA coding of traits

CHONP

long chainlike molecules composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks called nucleotides.

33
Q

Function of Enzymes:

A

break things down over time or build them up

can be used over and over again

speed up reaction because they are catalysts

have an ideal temperature and pH

34
Q

Enzyme/Substrate Complex:

A

Pacman (enzyme) and balls(substrate) binded together with a active site

35
Q

Activation Energy:

A

the minimum quantity of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.

36
Q

Denaturing an Enzyme:

A

when you go above or below the essential pH or temperature of an enzyme

shape distorted, no longer works correctly

37
Q

How to Create a lab report to document an experiment:

A

title, abstract, introduction, methods and materials, results, discussion, conclusion, and references

38
Q

List and describe the eight characteristics of all living things:

A

Cells
Tissue
Organ System
Organisms
Community
Population
biome
Biosphere

39
Q

Describe and provide examples of each biological level of organization:

A

Cells: smallest structural unit of an organism people are made of cells

Tissue: cats use muscle tissue

organ system: we use our stomachs to digest food

organisms: ants are small but mighty organisms

population: all same species: school

community: different species together: barn filled with people dogs cats cows

ecosystem: town filled with wood plants concrete people dogs

biome: mountains

biosphere: the crust of the earth

40
Q

Identify parts of the atom and describe the two main types of chemical bonds:

A

ionic and covalent bonds:
- ionic an electron is transferred
- covalent an electron is shared

a central nucleus that is surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons. Nucleus contains protons and neutrons

41
Q

Explain the unique properties of water and how water interacts with other substances:

A

Water is polar.
Water is an excellent solvent.
Water has high heat capacity.
Water has high heat of vaporization.
Water has cohesive and adhesive properties.
Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid.

Water sticks to other substances

42
Q

Describe the structure and function of all four macromolecules:

A

ALL ARE CARBON BASED AND ESSENTIAL TO LIVING. THE MORE CARBON IN A MOLECULE THE MORE ENERGY

Carbohydrates: monosaccharides, quick energy, CHO

Lipids: macromolecules, CHO, stored long-term energy

Proteins: CHON, muscle development and immune system strength, amino acids

Nucleic Acids: nucleotides, CHONP, DNA and RNA (holds genetic code),

43
Q

Define enzyme, explain factors impacting an enzyme’s ability to function and provide examples of enzymes in action:

A

Enzyme: a natural catalyst of natural reactions, breaks down or builds up, has ideal pH and temperature, denatured if out of ideal pH or temp

ex: lactose is a sugar that lactase (enzyme) breaks down

Biology (5 decks)

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