Test 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 parts of Cell theory
All organisms are made of 1 or more cells
All cells come from pre exsisting cells
Cells are the functional and structural unit of life
Be able to list and identify the parts of a Eukaryotic cell:
1) endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)
3) Mitochondria
4) Vacuole
5) Golgi Apparatus
6) Nucleus (nuclear envelope, DNA, Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus)
7) Cell membrane
8) Ribosome
9) Cytoplasm
10) intermediate filaments
11) Microtubule
12) lysosome
13) Microfilaments
Be able to list and Identify the parts of a Prokaryotic Cell:
Spirrilum
1) Flagella
2) Cytoplasm
3) DNA
4) Pili
5) Capsule
6) Plasmid
7) Cell wall
8) Ribosome
9) Cell Membrane
10)
What are the characteristics of Prokaryotic cells:
- Small and simple
- unicellular
- nucleus is absent
-Circular DNA - Singular haploid Chromosome
-lack membrane bound organelles - reproduce both sexually and asexually
- cell division by binary fission
- examples are bacteria and archaea cells
What are characteristics of a Eukaryotic cell and what re some ex
- large and complex
- unicellular or multicellular
paired diploid chromosome
-linear DNA
Nucleus is present
-has membrane bound organelles - mostly reproduce sexually
- cell division by mitosis
Ex: plant and animal cells, fungi
What do Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells have in common (literally)
- have cells (plasma) membrane
- Have cytoplasm
- have ribosomes
- have DNA
What is a cell:
Basic Unit of all living things
What is a cell membrane:
a thin flexible layer of barrier around cells
What is a nucleus
A large enclosed structure that contains genetic material from DNA
What are Eukaryotes?
Cells that enclose their DNA in a nuclei
What are Prokaryotes
Cells that do not enclose their DNA in nuclei (free floating)
What are the main points of Cell theory?
How do microscopes work?
By using beams of light or electrons to magnify images
How do Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells differ?
How does the Mitochondria reproduce? (as well are bacteria)
Binary Fission
What are the 2 types of Electron Microscopes and what are their functions?
1) Transmission and Scanning (TEM): flat and 2 dimensional images, good for visualizing structures within a specimen
2) Scanning (SEM): 3 dimensional
What was the Miller-Urey Experiment?
An experiment to test the hypothesis that organic compounds could have been produced on early earth
First attempt at replicating earth’s early water cycle
complex molecules produced
molecules of life: 21 amino acids found
What is endosymbiotic theory? What does endosymbiotic literally mean?
Draw a prokaryote and a eukaryote and label
proposes that different cells joined to form eukaryotic cells.
living together within
What was the first info carrying molecule?
RNA
eukaryotic cell:
contains complex cytoplasmic organelles
Mitochondria - Bacteria
have their own genomes
similar size
Cilia and flagella
complex structures that allow cells to move
flagella of eubacteria have 30-40 proteins
BE able to draw the endosymbiotic theory
How were plant and animal cells created
plant- engulfed prokaryotic cell which went through chloroplast
animal- engulfed cyanobacteria -> mitochondria -> double membrane different than DNA found in nucleus
magnification:
making an image appear larger
resolution:
ability to distinguish between two objects
light microscope:
uses light in order to see an image (dark image on a light background)
electron microscope:
uses electron beams in order to see an image
types of electron microscopes
TEM: most ideal for seeing structures
SEM: most ideal for seeing in 3d
total magnification
eye peice multiplied by object lense
ribosome:
complex organelles used to translate coded instructions of mRNA molecules
cytoplasm
the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells are cells with membrane bound organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, and Golgi apparatus. A membrane bound organelle is an organelle that is surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer.
Protists
protists are a diverse group of organisms that are mostly aquatic and unicellular (made of a single cell).
Be able to identify the parts of a microscope
- eye peice
- arm
-ocular lense
-slide clip
-stage
-diaphragm x2 - base
- power switch
-adjusting knobs
a) course adjustment (faster, more)
b) fine adjustment (smaller distance slower)
What are the three types of bacterial cells?
spirillum, coccus, bacillus
Word part- meanings:
pro-
=nucleus or kernal
eu-
=before
-karyon
=true
Amoeba:
a type of cell or unicellular organism with the ability to alter its shape
Cell membrane:
only lets certain molecules in and out (maintains homeostasis), keeps cells stable
Cytoplasm:
surrounds all internal cell structures
Cytoskeleton:
surrounds all internal cells structures
RIbosomes:
are not membrane bound organelles. in both Eu and pro karyotes. make protein, can be attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
powerhouse of the cells, hold genetic material, controls cells activities
Nucleolus:
inside of a nucleus, where ribosomes are produced
rough Endoplasmic reticulum
has ribosomes attached to it, involved with protein producing and transportation
Endoplasmic reticulum:
highly involved with the transporting of molecules
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (S.E.R)
detoxifies (liver has a lot of these) can made types of lipids
Golgi apparatus:
receive items, can modify molecules, and store molecules. Determines where to send these molecules (sent to the membrane to be secreted)
Mitochondria:
powers plants, makes ATB energy in cellular respiration. Runs on glucose and oxygen to make ATB efficiently
Vacuoles:
storages of materials
Usually-
Animals: small and multiple
Plants: large and singular
Chloroplast:
makes glucose by using light energy (photosynthesis)
Cell wall:
plants have this for extra protection
How to be secreted if you were a proteins cell:
1) get instructions to be made
2) get made in a rough endoplasmic reticulum
3) get shipped off by E.R to the golgi apparatus
4) get marked to be secreted by golgi apparatus
5) get shipped to cell membrane and become secreted
what is the monomer of carbohydrates
monosaccarides
what is the monomer of proteins
amino acids
what is the monomer of lipids
fatty acids glycerol
what is the monomer for nucleic acid
nucleotides
what binds glucose and fructose and what does that make
and what class are those two sugars found in
glycosidic bond (sugars joining)
creates sucrose and h20
carbohydrates
if you combine amino acid 1 and 2 what binds them together and what do you create
what class are they in
peptide bond (amino acids joining)
dipeptide and h20
proteins
if you combine monoglyceride and a fatty acid what binds them and what is created?
what class are they in
ester bond(fatty acid joining to glycerol)
diglyceride and h20
lipids
What is it called when in biochemical reactions you get a product that includes H20
dehydration synthesis
what are the 4 classes of carbon based molecules?
What do these things do
lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
lipids- store long-term energy
carbs- store short term energy
proteins- muscle development and immune health
nucleic acids- dna rna coding of traits
What is an enzyme?
build/ break things down
What is it called when you take a enzyme out of its prefered temp or pH
denaturing
study quiz 1 more in depth
know all the functions of organelles/ structure in animal and plant cells as well as prokaryotes
write these down and check notebook
