test 2.

Question 1

organic molecules

Answer 1

molecules found in living organisms that contain carbon rings or chains attached to other atoms like hyrdrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus

Question 2

the four main groups of organic molecules

Answer 2

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid all contain carbon atoms

Question 3

biosynthesis

Answer 3

the process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones

Question 4

double bond

Answer 4

are about twice as strong as regular bonds

Question 5

triple bond

Answer 5

about three times as strong as a regular bond

Question 6

isomers

Answer 6

two different molecules that have the same chemical formula

Question 7

monosaccharides

Answer 7

simple sugars that are the building blocks or more complex chemicals

Question 8

disaccharides

Answer 8

carbohydrates that are made up of 2 monosaccharides

Question 9

polysaccharides

Answer 9

carbohydrates that are made up of 3 or more monosaccharides

Question 10

dehydration reaction

Answer 10

a chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water

Question 11

starch

Answer 11

a polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules stored in plants

Question 12

glycogen

Answer 12

a polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules stored in animals

Question 13

cellulose

Answer 13

a polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules found in the cell walls of plants

Question 14

hydrolysis

Answer 14

breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

Question 15

hydrophobic

Answer 15

lacking any affinity to water

Question 16

saturated fat

Answer 16

a lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bond between carbon atoms

Question 17

unsaturated fat

Answer 17

a lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms

Question 18

steroid

Answer 18

lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings
used as a chemical messenger circulating the body delivering chemical signals to cells

Question 19

amino acids

Answer 19

the basic building blocks of proteins each containing a corboxyl group and an amino group

Question 20

hydrophilic

Answer 20

attracts water molecules

Question 21

peptide bond

Answer 21

a covalent bond that links amino acids together in a polypeptide

Question 22

polypeptide

Answer 22

many amino acids bonded together forming a part of a protein or the whole protein

Question 23

catalyst

Answer 23

a substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process

Question 24

activation energy

Answer 24

the energy needed to get reactions started

Question 25

active site

Answer 25

area of and enzyme to which a specific substrate fits

Question 26

substrate

Answer 26

a specific reactant acted on by an enzyme

Question 27

denaturation

Answer 27

the process in which the normal shape of a protein is lost usually due to heat

Question 28

nucleotides

Answer 28

the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 29

polymers

Answer 29

large molecules that are made out of smaller molecules

Question 30

alkaline pH

Answer 30

pH balance of 8-14 more like a base

Question 31

neutral pH

Answer 31

pH balance of 7

Question 32

what do carbohydrates contain ??

Answer 32

-carbon -hydrogen -oxygen

Question 33

what is the opposite of hydrolysis ??

Answer 33

the dehydration reaction

Question 34

what is the opposite of the dehydration reaction ??

Answer 34

hydrolysis

Question 35

hydroxide ion

Answer 35

OH-

Question 36

acidic pH

Answer 36

pH balance of 0-6 more like an acid

Question 37

hydroxyl group

Answer 37

OH

Question 38

4 types of functional groups

Answer 38

-hydroxyl group -carbonyl group -carboxyl group -amino group

Question 39

carboxyl group

Answer 39

O=C-HO

Question 40

carbonyl group

Answer 40

O=C

Question 41

functional group

Answer 41

a group of atoms within a molecule that interacts with other molecules in predictable ways

Question 42

amino group

Answer 42

H-N-H

Question 43

3 types of polysaccharides

Answer 43

-starch (stored in plants) -glycogen (stored in animals) -cellulose (found in the cell walls of plants)

Question 44

sucrose

Answer 44

glucose + fructose = sucrose (a table sugar; a disaccharide) made through the dehydration reaction

Question 45

lipid

Answer 45

3 fatty acids + glycerol = a lipid made through a dehydration reaction

Question 46

substance of unsaturated fat

Answer 46

liquid

Question 47

substance of saturated fat

Answer 47

solid

Question 48

2 types of steroids

Answer 48

-estrogen -testosterone

Question 49

what is the structure of an amino acid ??

Answer 49

a central carbon molecule attached to four groups the central carbon bonds to a hyrdrogen and bonds to 2 functional groups

Question 50

what do nucleic acids contain ??

Answer 50

-carbon -hydrogen -oxygen -nitrogen -phosphorus