mod 2 definitions

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass or has volume

Question 2

atomic number

Answer 2

the number of protons in an atom

Question 3

elements

Answer 3

a collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons

Question 4

periodic table

Answer 4

a table of chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number

Question 5

isotopes

Answer 5

one of several forms of an element, each containing the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 6

atomic mass

Answer 6

the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 7

molecule

Answer 7

chemical that results when two or more atoms join together chemically

Question 8

compound

Answer 8

a molecule that contains atoms of at least two different elements

Question 9

ionic bond

Answer 9

a chemical bond formed when two or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 10

ion

Answer 10

positively or negatively charged atom (or group of atoms) resulting from the transferring of electrons

Question 11

covalent bond

Answer 11

chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms

Question 12

polar compound

Answer 12

a molecule in which there is an unequal distribution of the negatively charged electrons causing a partial positive charge at one end and a partial negative charge at the other

Question 13

hydrogen bond

Answer 13

a weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom of another molecule (usually oxygen or nitrogen)

Question 14

solvent

Answer 14

any substance in which other substances are dissolved

Question 15

solute

Answer 15

a dissolved substance

Question 16

solution

Answer 16

a mixture of solutes dissolved in a solvent

Question 17

aqeuous solution

Answer 17

a solution in which water is that solvent

Question 18

cohesion

Answer 18

an attractive force that holds molecules of the same substance together

Question 19

heat capacity

Answer 19

the amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature

Question 20

organic molecules

Answer 20

molecules found in living organisms that contain carbon in rings or long chains, attached to other atoms like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus

Question 21

biosynthesis

Answer 21

the process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones

Question 22

isomers

Answer 22

two different molecules that have the same chemical formula

Question 23

monosaccharides

Answer 23

simple sugars; they are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates

Question 24

disaccharides

Answer 24

carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides

Question 25

polysaccharides

Answer 25

carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

Question 26

dehydration reaction

Answer 26

a chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water

Question 27

starch

Answer 27

a polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules stored in one plants

Question 28

glycogen

Answer 28

a polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules stored in animals

Question 29

cellulose

Answer 29

a polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules found in the walls of plants

Question 30

hydrolysis

Answer 30

breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

Question 31

hydrophobic

Answer 31

lacking any affinity to water

Question 32

saturated fat

Answer 32

a lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bond between carbon atoms

Question 33

unsaturated fat

Answer 33

a lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms

Question 34

steroid

Answer 34

lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings