Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Spring 2019 > TEST 1 review > Flashcards

TEST 1 review Flashcards

1
Q

Position of 4th ventricle

A

Posterior to Pons

anterior to cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

1) Produce CSF
2) Located
- inferior and body of lateral ventricle
- 3rd
- 4th ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CSF

A

1) Comes from blood (Plasma)
2) Average adult~150 cc of CSF at one time
- Produce 500cc CSF/day
- turned over 3-4 times daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Trigone Area

A

1) If calcified=Glomus
- calcified choroid plexus
2) 25% of 20+ y.o will have some degree of calcification
3) appears radio-opaque on x-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Median Aperature

A

1) Foramen of Magendie
2) Not bilateral
3) empties into cisternal magna
- located at base of occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lateral Aperature

A

1) Foramen of lushka
2) Bilatreral
3) empties into pontine cistern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Supratentorial Fossa

A

1) Area above tentorium cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Infratentorial Fossa

A

area below tentorium cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Leptomeningitis

A

1) pia mater + arachniod membrane inflamed

2) Bacterial mostly likely to cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diaphragma Sellae

A

surrounds pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diploic Vein

A

1) Provides venous drainage between the skull into sinus system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Emissary Vein

A

1) blood between scalp and sinuses-> venous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Scalp Laceration

A

1) Serious Threat
2) Infection being spread into cranial vault through emissary veins
3) Results in Sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Subgaleal Hematoma

A

1) b/w connective tissue and skull
2) trauma and newborns
3) emissary vein
4) Slow forming
3) heals on own most of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bridging Vein

A

1) supplies blood from venous sinuses
2) Causes:
- Increase in age causes decrease in elasticity of bridging veins
- dehydration
3) Subdural Hematoma
- b/w dura and arachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

AKA extradural hematoma

1) Location
- b/w skull and dura
2) Cause:
- trauma
3) Meningeal A. rupture
4) Fast forming
5) Very urgent due to Increase ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

1) Location
- b/w dura and arachnoid membrane
2) Cause:
- trauma in elderly (fall)
3) Cerebral vein/ Bridging vein
4) Slow forming
5) Clincal urgency depends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Subarachnoid Hematoma

A

1) Location
- b/w arachnoid and pia
2) Trauma or ruptured aneurysm
3) Cerebral A.
4) Fast forming
5) EMERGENCY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Middle Meningeal Artery

A

1) Branches of maxillary artery
2) Foramen Spinosum
3) splits and anterior and posterior
- anterior goes through pterion
4) Buried in dura mater
5) Suppliees the Calvaria (dura and bone)

20
Q

What is the most common non trauma subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

1) Saccular Aneursym

- Middle cerebral artery

21
Q

Aneurysms

A

1) Saccular
- occurs at Jxn of blood vessel
- very likely to rupture
2) Fusiform
- unlikley to rupture
3) Rupture can lead to stroke
- Middle Cerebral A.

22
Q

True Aneurysm vs Pseudoaneurysm

A

1) True-comprises all 3 layers
- Tunica Intima (inner most)
- Tunica Media (middle)
- Tunica Adventia (outer)
2) Pseudo-doesn’t involve all 3 layers
- separation between tunica Media and Tunica Adventitia
- can be painful but don’t rupture
- due to trauma

23
Q

Thalamostriate Vein

A

1) Lateral Ventricle
2) Drains the contents of lateral ventricle into interventricular foramen
3) Splits to form septal vein and internal cerebral vein

24
Q

Septal Vein

A

1) Connected to thalamostriate vein

2) not in lateral ventricle

25
Q

What are the 4 arteries that supply the brain

A

1) L and R vertebral Arteries

2) L and R internal carotid arteries

26
Q

Anterior Cranial Fossa contains:

A

1) CN 1

2) Part of CN2

27
Q

Middle Cranial Fossa contains:

A

1) Part of CN2, 5, 6
2) CN 3 and 4
3) Midbrain
Diencephalon
temporal lobe
cavernous sinus
internal carotide artery
middle cerebral artery

28
Q

Posterior Cranial Fossa

A

Part of CN 5, 6

ALL of CN 7-12

29
Q

Lamina Terminalis

A

1) Rostral wall of 3rd ventricle

- space between thalami

30
Q

Septum pellucidum

A

1) Forms the medial wall of the anterior horn of lateral ventricles

31
Q

Cavernous Sinus Syndrome

A

1) Aneursym or space occupying lesion in cavernous sinus
2) ipsilateral paralysis of eye movement (3,4, 6)
ipsilateral sensory issues across forehead, nose and cheeks

32
Q

CINE MRI

A

1) Measures CSF not blood
2) traditional MRI w/wristband or EKG to measure heart rate
3) each time heart beats, CSF forced out of brain->spine
4) Shows CSF as it moves

33
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale

A

1) Measures motor response(6), verbal response(5), and eye opening (4)
2) add all 3 up
- max score =15
- higher number higher functionality

34
Q

CT

A

Computated Tomography
1) x-ray imaging-tissue density
-higher atomic number-greater ability to stop x-rays
2) Hounsfield units (CT numbers)
-attenuation intensities
3) Lesion or deficit in CT= hyperdense=White
-ex: acute subarachnoid hemorrhage
Hypodense=black
Isodense- same shade b/w region and brain

35
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of CT

A 
Advantages
1) quickly done
-important in trauma
2) clearly shows acute and subacture hemorrhages into meningeal spaces and brain
3) Children in trauma cases
4)Show bone- Skull fractures
5( Less expensive than MRI

Disadvantages

1) doesn’t show:
- acute or subacute infarcts
- ischemia
- brain edema
2) doesn’t differentiate white matter from gray matter within brain clearly (VS MRI)
3) Exposed to Ionzing Radiation

36
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imagine
1) Body tissue has proportionately high amounts of protons
2)Protons-function as tiny magnets
+ nucleus
- negative electron shell
-forms N and S poles
3) Radiofrequency pulse of radio waves into patient (protons)
-frequency of RP= spinning protons-> proton absorb energy from radio wave
-some protons canceled out
-magnetic effects and energy increases in some
4) 2 types of MRI-relate to effect of RP on protons
-MR1/T1-canceled out protons return to original magnetic strength
-MR2/T2-protons at higher levels loser energy more rapid

37
Q

MRI: T1 vs T2

  • hyperintense
  • hypointense
  • isointense
A

Hyperintense

  • T1- shift more towards fat (more white)
  • T2-shift more toward CSF (white)

Hypodense:
-T1/T2=darker than air or bone

Isotense:
T1/T2-same

38
Q

Advantage/disadvantage of MRI

A

Advantage:

1) visualize a wide variety of abnormalities within brain
2) shows more detail of the brain

Disadvantages:

1) Does not show acute or subacute subarachnoid hemorrhage in the substance of the brain
2) Longer to due
- not useful in acute or trauma situations
- more expensive
- scan is loud and may require sedation in children

39
Q

Ischmia

A

1) to keep blood (occluded arteries) from blood tissue

40
Q

What courses through the internal acoustic meatus?

A 
Labyrinthine Artery
CN 7 (facial nerve-muscles of facial expression)
CN8 (vestibulocochlear-sense of balance)
41
Q

Lesion against internal acoustic meatus?

A

1) balance issues

2) paralysis of face

42
Q

What courses through jugular foramen?

A

Internal Jugular Vein
CN9-glossopharyngeal
CN10-vagus
CN11-accessory

43
Q

What three structures course through foramen magnum?

A

1) Vertebral Artery
2) Spinal Cord
3) Accessory Nerve

44
Q

Respiratory Center in Brainstem

A

1) Pons/medulla
2) sends axons down spinal cord and synapse on phonic nerves
3) pacemaking of respiratory rate

45
Q

Tonsilar Herniation

A

1) Space occupying lesion in PCF=Increased ICP
- Tonsil of cerebellum herniates through foramen magnum
2) Can disconnect communication b/w respiration center and the neurons of phrenic nerve
- patient can’t breath=DEATH
3) High cervical trauma

46
Q

Mirror Neurons

A

1) facilitates teaching of movements
- watching others
- more efficient in learning motor movements

Neuro Spring 2019 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions