Chpt 1 Clinicals

Question 1

Muscle Stretch Reflex

Answer 1

1) monosynaptic reflex arc
- consists of 2 neurons; 1 synapse
2) Sensory Fibers send signals in response to input-> motor neuron in the spinal cord
3) Motor neuron conducts a signal from spinal cord to the appropriate skeletal muscle-> Contracts
4) Involuntary Reflex
- ex: Tendon reflex
- common test done in clinical medicine

Question 2

Signs

Answer 2

Departures from normal structure/function that are observed and evaluated by the physician

Question 3

Symptoms

Answer 3

departures from normal structure/function experienced by the patient

Question 4

Computed Tomography (CT)

Answer 4

1) X-ray imaging technique that measures the effects that tissue density and atoms In the tissue have on x-rays passing through the tissue
2) Higher the atomic number, greater the ability of the atom to attenuate (stop) x-rays
3) Use Hounsfied units (HUs) aka CT numbers
4) Present CT scanners (helical or spiral scanners)
- image a continuous spiral slice throughout a preselected body region
- computer software converts info into contiguous slices of a chosen thickness
5) CT provides fast and accurate method of deleting recent subarachnoid hemorrhages
- acute subarachnoid hemorrhage in a non contrast CT appears hyper dense (WHITE) in contrast to subarachnoid spaces and cisterns= hypotenuse (Dark)

Question 5

Enhanced CT

Answer 5

iodinated contrast material injected intravenously

• makes vasculature appear hyper dense (white)
• iodine has a large atomic number and attenuates x-rays

Question 6

Neoplams with CT

Answer 6

• area of inflammation
• can be detected with enhanced CT, bc contrast agents leaks from vessels into cellular spaces->breakdown of BBB
• Tumors, inflamed meninges, or brain parenchyma will show degrees of whiteness (hyper density) [T1]