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Psychiatry > Test 1 Prep > Flashcards

Test 1 Prep Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 cognitive domains?
mnemonic: LLEAPS

A

Learning and memory
Language
Executive function
Attention
Perceptual motor skills
Social cognition

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2
Q

What is the difference between dimentia and delirium?
With reference to:
Onset
Duration
Level of consciousness
Attention
Behaviour

A
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3
Q

What is the difference between dimentia and delirium?
With reference to
Behavior
Hallucinations
Cognition
Sleep wake cycles
Mood and affect

A
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4
Q

What are the causes of delirium?
mnemonic: I WATCH DEATH

A

Infections (uti, pneumonia etc)
Withdrawal (from substance of abuse)
Acute metabolic (alcohol, benzos)
Toxins (drugs, steroid, psychotropics)
CNS pathology (stroke, infection etc)
Hypoxia (due to hypotension etc)
Deficiencies (thiamine {with alcohol abuse} , B-12)
Endocrine (thyroid, adrenal insufficiency)
Acute vascular ( shock, hypertensive encephalopathy)
Trauma (head injury or post op)
Heavy metals

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5
Q

How do you manage Delirium?

A

Treat underlying cause

Environmental interventions
- nurse in quiet room
-orientation cues: calender, clock, family picture and windows

Pharmacological
-if agitated: low to high potency antipsychotics or second gen antipsychotics
Haloperidol
Risperidone, olazapine
Benzodiazepines (in alcohol withdrawal)

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6
Q

Reversible causes of dimentia
mnemonic: DIMENTIA

A

Drugs
Emotions (depression)
Metabolic (hypothyroidism)
Ear to eye decline
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Tumors and other lesions
Infections (HIV, syphilis)
Anemia (b12, folate def)

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7
Q

What is the triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

Utinary incontinence
Dementia
Magnetic/wobbly gait

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8
Q

What are the non-reversible causes of dimentia?

A

Primary degenerative condition
- alzheimers
- lewy body dementia
- multiple sclerosis
- Frontotemporal dementia
- Wilson’s disease
- Huntington’s disease
Traumatic head injury
Infections
Vascular (multi-infarct dimentia)
Toxins (alcohol)
Anoxia: cardiac arrrest, CO poisoning
Metabolic: DM, hepatic encephalpathy

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9
Q

What is the most common Neurocognitive disorder (dimentia)?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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10
Q

What is the second most common cause of Neurocognitive disorder (dimentia)?

A

Vascular disease

( they have a step-wise decline)

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11
Q

What are the core and suggestive feauture of Lewy body disease?

A

Core feature
Waxing and waning of cognition
Visual hallucinations

Suggestive features
REM sleep behavior disorder
Pronounced antipsychotic sensitivity

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12
Q

Whatcare hypnogogic hallucinations?

A

Hallucinations that occur as one is falling asleep

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13
Q

Serial seven test is used to test which domain of cognition?

A

Attention

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14
Q

What us the difference between PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder

A

PTSD - trauma occured any time in the past and sx last for more than one month

Acute Stress Disorder - trauma occured less than one month ago and sx last for less than one month

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15
Q

What are the 4 P, s of Psychiatry?
(Aetiological formulation)

A
  • Predisposing factors
  • Precipitating factors
  • Perpetuating factors
  • Protective factors
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16
Q

What is the premorbid personality?

A

The personality before the mental illness

17
Q

Define truancy

A

Staying away from school for no reason
(Absenteeism)

18
Q

Define cognition

A

Cognition is the mental action/process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience and senses

19
Q

List mental disorders that increase risk of developing DMDD (Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder)

A

Depression?
Anxiety?

20
Q

List 4 specifiers for Major Depressive disorder

A

MDD with:
- wth anxious distress
- with mixed features
- with melancholic features
- with atypical feature
- with mood congruent psychotic features
- with mood incongruent psychotic feature
- with catatonia
- with peripartum onset

21
Q

List all depressive disorders in the DSM 5

A

Major depressive disorder
Dusruptive mood dyregulation disorder
Persistent depressive disorder(dysthymia)
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Substance induced depressive disorder
Depressive disorder due to another medical condition
Other specified depressive disorder
Unspecified depressive disorder

22
Q

What is the significant difference between BPD I and BPD II ?

A
23
Q

Acute dystonia

A

Sustained muscle contractions
(antipsychotic medication side effect)

24
Q

Akathesia

A

Feeling of inner restlessness

25
Q

Parkinsonism

A

Rigidity
Tremor
Bradikinesia (slowness of movement)

26
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Repetitive muscle contractions

27
Q

Normal pressure hydrocephalus.

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus is an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that causes the ventricles in the brain to become enlarged, sometimes with little or no increase in intracranial pressure with not much cortical atrophy

28
Q

Normal Pressure hydrocephalus differential dx

A

Vascular disease (stroke)
Alzheimer’s disease

29
Q

Major difference between Alzheimers and Vascular disease

A

Alzheimer’s disease- slow decline

Vascular disease - step-wise decline

30
Q

What are the symptoms of Normal preasure hydrocephalus

A

Broad/wobbly gait
Urinary incontinence
Dimentia

31
Q

People at risk of vitamin B12

A
  • Alcoholics (due to ahsorption issues)
  • Vegans ( Vit B12 is predominantly found in meat stuff
32
Q

What does one need to thinkbof when a young person presents with a Stroke?

A
  • Substance abuse (cocaine and other stimulants)
  • Infections
33
Q

State some PTSD sx

A
  • hypervigilance
  • avoiding thoughts and places reminding them of trauma
  • distancing self from friends and family
  • avoiding things that remind them of traumatic event
  • anxiety
  • nightmares
  • flashbacks
  • panick attacks
  • sunstance abuse ( recreational drugs and alcohol)
34
Q

Illusion

A

Real stimulus misinterpreted

35
Q

Signs of al alzheimer’s

A
  • memory loss
  • poor judgement
  • confusion
36
Q

What are Bleuler’s fundamental symptoms?
The A’s

A

Alogia
Autism
Ambivalence
Affect blunting

37
Q

Huntington’s disease

A

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant, neurodegenerative disease characterized by a triad of symptoms and signs:(1) psychiatric syndromes; (2) a movement disorder; and (3) cognitive impairment.

Psychiatry (14 decks)

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